AI Without the Hype
Your Beginner AI Course
Learn what artificial intelligence is, where it can help, where it can fail, how to protect private information, how to verify important claims, and how to keep human judgment in charge.
No technical experience is required. You may complete the lessons in order, choose only the subjects you need, or use the page as a reference. No AI account is required to read the course.
How to use this page
One lesson at a time is enough.
Each lesson is contained inside a click-to-expand section. Select a lesson title to open it. Select the title again to close it.
You do not have to complete the entire course in one sitting. You may pause after any lesson and return later.
Course map
Understand → Interact safely → Apply wisely
Use these links to move directly to a lesson. After the page scrolls, select the lesson title to expand it.
Public pilot note: all twelve beginner lessons are available. UVLM will continue reviewing and improving the course as community feedback and updated guidance become available.
Understand the Technology
Begin with familiar technologies, learn what generative AI actually does, and separate useful understanding from hype or fear.
Start Welcome, safety frame, and community learning agreement
What this opening lesson is for
Artificial intelligence can produce excitement, worry, skepticism, confusion, and curiosity—sometimes all at once. Those reactions are reasonable.
This course does not begin by asking you to trust AI or reject it. It begins by giving you enough information and practice to make your own informed choices.
AI Without the Hype is not a product demonstration or a prediction about the future. It is a practical course about tools already appearing in phones, workplaces, schools, public information, scams, creative applications, and everyday services.
By the end of this lesson, you should understand that:
- You may participate without prior technical knowledge.
- You may pass on any exercise or question.
- Private personal information is not needed for classroom practice.
- AI mistakes are expected and can become useful learning examples.
- The course will not ask you to treat a chatbot as a person, oracle, or final authority.
- Human judgment remains responsible for consequential decisions.
Four ways to participate
Watch demonstrations, read examples, and decide what you notice. No account or device is required.
Ask questions and help identify benefits, mistakes, assumptions, or concerns.
Try a fictional or non-sensitive task independently or with a partner.
Step away from any activity that feels confusing, intrusive, or uncomfortable.
Community learning agreement
- No foolish questions: technical vocabulary will be defined rather than assumed.
- No private demonstrations: use fictional, public, or de-identified examples.
- No forced enthusiasm: curiosity and caution may exist together.
- No shaming: people have different devices, internet access, experience, and learning needs.
- No magical claims: conversational fluency is not proof that a machine possesses feelings, consciousness, wisdom, or authority.
- No automatic trust: important claims require verification beyond the chatbot.
- No surrender of responsibility: AI may assist with a task, but people remain responsible for judgment and consequences.
Opening activity: your AI temperature check
You may answer aloud, write privately, point to a printed option, or simply consider the questions.
- Have you used an AI chatbot before?
- What is one thing about AI that interests you?
- What is one thing about AI that concerns you?
- What practical task would make this course useful to you?
There is no correct emotional response. Interest, uncertainty, concern, skepticism, and excitement can all provide useful starting points.
Suggested facilitator introduction
“Welcome. You do not have to know anything about artificial intelligence to belong in this class. You also do not have to decide today whether AI is good or bad. We are going to look at what these tools do, try practical examples, watch them make mistakes, and learn how to protect our information and judgment. You may observe instead of typing, and you never need to share a private story or create an account to participate.”
Psychological safety boundary
A chatbot may occasionally produce disturbing, manipulative, overly personal, or confusing language. You may stop the interaction immediately. Nobody owes a machine continued attention.
AI is not an emergency service, sole therapist, spiritual authority, or substitute for human care. A person who needs urgent help should contact an appropriate human, local service, or emergency resource rather than continuing a chatbot exercise.
The course’s central rule
An AI answer is a candidate—not a verdict. We may: - keep it, - revise it, - verify it, - remove it, - reject it, - or decide not to use AI for the task.
Next lesson
Lesson 01 begins with familiar tools that already use forms of artificial intelligence. This helps separate the broad category of AI from the specific experience of using a chatbot.
01 AI is already here: familiar examples before chatbots
Why begin with familiar examples?
Chatbots can make artificial intelligence feel entirely new. However, many people have interacted with forms of AI for years without calling them AI.
A phone may improve a photograph, create captions from speech, recognize a face, suggest the next word in a message, or filter an unwanted call. An email service may identify spam. A bank may flag a purchase that does not match an account’s usual pattern. A shopping, music, or video service may recommend what someone might want next.
Some farms, workshops, warehouses, hospitals, utilities, and transportation systems also use pattern-recognition or predictive tools. The exact technology varies, and not every modern-looking tool uses AI.
Beginning with familiar examples helps us replace the image of one mysterious “AI” with a more useful question:
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Explain why AI is a broad category rather than one single technology.
- Distinguish basic automation from pattern-based AI and generative AI.
- Identify several ordinary places where AI may already appear.
- Ask what information a system uses, what result it produces, and what can happen if it is wrong.
- Avoid assuming that every advanced or automated device uses AI.
Four useful categories
A system follows predefined instructions or rules.
Example: a timer turns porch lights on at sunset or a spreadsheet adds a column of numbers.
A system uses patterns in data to classify something or estimate what may happen next.
Example: a spam filter identifies suspicious messages or a bank flags an unusual transaction.
A system creates new text, images, audio, video, code, or other material in response to instructions.
Example: a chatbot drafts a letter or an image generator creates an illustration.
Many products combine rules, databases, search, sensors, prediction, and generation.
A system may use AI for only one part of a larger process.
A familiar comparison
A calculator follows defined mathematical operations. It does not need to guess what answer is statistically likely.
A spam filter may learn patterns associated with unwanted or fraudulent messages. It can make classification mistakes.
A search tool primarily locates and ranks existing pages or records. Modern search services may also add generated summaries.
A chatbot generates a response from patterns, instructions, and available context. Some chatbots can also use search or other tools, while others cannot.
Where might AI appear in everyday life?
- Email spam and phishing filters
- Fraud and unusual-transaction alerts
- Speech-to-text and live captions
- Translation and writing assistance
- Autocorrect and next-word suggestions
- Phone-camera enhancement and photo organization
- Face, object, voice, or handwriting recognition
- Product, music, video, and news recommendations
- Route suggestions and travel-time estimates
- Customer-service chat systems
- Equipment monitoring and maintenance predictions
- Some agricultural sensing, sorting, and crop-monitoring tools
- Text, image, audio, video, and code generators
This list does not mean every service in each category uses the same technology. It means these are common places to ask whether pattern-based or generative systems are involved.
Activity: What kind of tool is this?
For each example, choose the description that seems most appropriate:
- Fixed-rule automation
- Pattern recognition or prediction
- Generative AI
- Hybrid or unclear without more information
A coffee maker starts at 6:00 every morning because someone programmed its timer.
An email service moves a suspicious message into the spam folder.
A chatbot drafts a community-event announcement from a short description.
A tractor follows a GPS-guided path through a field.
A phone converts spoken words into live captions.
A spreadsheet calculates the total of ten entered numbers.
Suggested discussion
- Example A is usually fixed-rule automation.
- Example B commonly uses pattern recognition.
- Example C is generative AI.
- Example D may be automation, AI, or a hybrid. We need more information about the system.
- Example E commonly uses speech-recognition AI.
- Example F is ordinary calculation rather than AI.
The tractor example is especially important. A sophisticated tool is not automatically an AI tool. “I need more information” is often the most accurate answer.
The five-question tool check
When someone says a product “uses AI,” ask:
- What job is the system performing?
- What information or data does it use?
- Does it retrieve, classify, predict, recommend, or generate?
- What happens when it makes a mistake?
- Which person or organization remains responsible?
Copyable prompt: understand a technology
Help me understand this technology: [NAME OR DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL] Do not assume it uses artificial intelligence. Explain in plain language: 1. What job the tool performs 2. Whether it appears to use fixed-rule automation, pattern-based AI, generative AI, a hybrid system, or whether there is not enough information to tell 3. What data or inputs it may use 4. What output or decision it produces 5. What could happen if it is wrong 6. What a human should verify before depending on it Separate confirmed information from assumptions. Do not invent technical details about the product.
Human judgment check
Think of one “smart” tool you have encountered. It might be a phone feature, website, appliance, workplace system, vehicle feature, farm tool, or public service.
Ask yourself:
- Do I know what task it is performing?
- Do I know what information it collects?
- Can I correct or challenge its result?
- Would a mistake be inconvenient, expensive, unfair, or dangerous?
- Am I still making the decision, or have I quietly handed the decision to the tool?
Next lesson
Lesson 02 looks more closely at generative AI: how a chatbot can produce useful language, why it can sound confident while being wrong, and why fluent conversation is not proof of consciousness or authority.
For the research basis, public guidance, and definitions used throughout this course, visit AI Education: Sources and Standards .
02 What generative AI does in plain language
What does “generative” mean?
The word generative means that the system produces new material in response to an instruction.
Depending on the system, that material might include:
- Text
- Images
- Audio or music
- Video
- Computer code
- Summaries, plans, lists, translations, or drafts
Generative AI is different from a system that only retrieves an existing record. It creates an output by combining learned patterns with the prompt, conversation, uploaded material, and any tools the product is authorized to use.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Explain generative AI without describing it as magic or as a simple database.
- Describe a token as a small unit of text processed by a language model.
- Explain why the same prompt may produce different answers.
- Distinguish the underlying model from the product interface and any connected tools.
- Explain why a fluent answer can still be false.
- Avoid treating conversational language as proof of feelings, consciousness, or authority.
A simplified view of how a text model works
Modern language models are complicated, but a beginner can understand the basic process through five steps.
During training, the model processes many examples and adjusts large collections of numerical values called parameters or weights.
When you use the system, it receives your prompt and may also receive conversation history, uploaded material, instructions, or tool results.
Text is divided into smaller units often called tokens. A token may be a word, part of a word, punctuation, or another small text unit.
The model estimates which next token would fit the available context, selects one, and repeats the process.
Those successive choices become a sentence, paragraph, explanation, story, or other output.
Real products may combine several models, safety systems, search tools, databases, calculators, and other software.
A sentence-completion example
Imagine the unfinished sentence:
Instead of turning left, she turned ______.
Several completions could make sense:
- right
- around
- back
- toward the river
A language model assigns different probabilities to possible continuations based on the context. It then continues this process repeatedly until it has produced a longer response.
This helps explain why:
- The same question can produce more than one reasonable answer.
- A small wording change can affect the result.
- Earlier conversation can influence a later answer.
- The model can produce an original combination of familiar patterns.
- A statistically plausible sentence can still contain an inaccurate fact.
Activity: become the next-word generator
This activity requires no device. A facilitator reads each beginning aloud and asks participants to suggest possible next words or phrases.
“The library will close early because…”
“The farmer checked the sky and decided to…”
“Before sending the letter, she wanted to verify…”
“The community meeting became easier to understand after…”
Participants will usually offer several sensible continuations. None must be the one “correct” completion. Context narrows the possibilities, but it does not always reduce them to one answer.
Discussion questions
- Which completions seemed most likely?
- Which were creative but still plausible?
- What additional context would change your answer?
- Could a grammatically perfect completion still be factually wrong?
The model, the product, and the tools are not the same thing
When people say, “The AI told me,” several different layers may be involved.
The learned system that processes inputs and generates outputs.
The website, application, chatbot, or service through which a person interacts with the model.
Optional services such as web search, databases, calculators, maps, file readers, or calendars.
The prompt, settings, uploaded documents, corrections, and decisions that shape the interaction.
One chatbot may have current web access while another does not. One may be able to read an uploaded document, while another may only generate from its existing context. One may use a calculator tool, while another may attempt the arithmetic through language generation.
Therefore, before relying on an answer, ask:
What the model is not automatically doing
A text response does not automatically mean that the system:
- Looked the answer up in a current, verified source
- Checked every factual statement
- Understood the situation as a person would
- Remembered where every learned pattern originally came from
- Knew whether its citations were real
- Understood the consequences of someone acting on the answer
- Possessed feelings, personal beliefs, needs, or lived experience
Why can it sound certain while being wrong?
A language model is very good at producing language that fits a pattern. Producing a plausible continuation and proving that a claim is true are different tasks.
NIST uses the term confabulation for output that confidently presents erroneous or false content. People also commonly use the word “hallucination,” although that word can encourage people to imagine the system as more human than it is.
Confabulation may include:
- An incorrect date
- A nonexistent quotation
- An invented book, article, court case, or website
- A factual claim unsupported by the supplied document
- An explanation that contradicts an earlier answer
- A confident step-by-step justification for a wrong result
A false response does not, by itself, show that the system formed an intention to lie. It shows that fluent generation is not the same thing as verified knowledge.
Creative fiction and false factual claims are different
“Write a fictional story about a talking tractor” invites invented content. Fiction is the requested result.
“Tell me the filing deadline for this legal form” requires current, authoritative, verifiable information.
The same generative ability can be delightful in a creative task and dangerous in a high-stakes factual task. The risk depends partly on what the answer will be used for.
Optional live demonstration
A facilitator can show two contrasting tasks.
Demonstration A: grounded transformation
Using only the paragraph I provide, rewrite it at an eighth-grade reading level. Do not add facts that are not in the paragraph. Afterward, list anything that may have changed in meaning. PARAGRAPH: [PASTE A SHORT PUBLIC OR FICTIONAL PARAGRAPH]
Demonstration B: unsupported recall
Answer this obscure factual question. Before answering, state whether you have a current verified source available. If you do not, say that the answer may be uncertain. Do not invent a citation.
The first task gives the model source material and a bounded transformation. The second asks for factual recall that may or may not be well supported.
The class should compare:
- How fluent each answer sounds
- What evidence each answer actually has
- Whether confidence matches support
- Which answer would require outside verification
Copyable prompt: show me the basis of your answer
Help me with this question: [INSERT QUESTION] Before giving the answer, identify which information basis you are using: - text or files I provided, - general patterns learned during training, - a current external search or connected tool, - or an assumption. Then answer in four sections: 1. Best-supported answer 2. Important assumptions 3. Uncertainty or missing information 4. What I should verify independently Do not invent sources, quotations, statistics, links, or citations. If you cannot verify something, say so plainly.
Human judgment check
Before using a generated answer, ask:
- Was I asking for creativity, factual accuracy, or both?
- Did I provide the source material?
- Did the system use a current search or another tool?
- Could the answer be checked against an official or primary source?
- Is the response merely fluent, or is it actually supported?
- What could happen if the answer is wrong?
- Am I responding to evidence, or to the system’s confident and personable tone?
Next lesson
Lesson 03 examines common AI myths and extreme claims. We will practice holding a balanced position: AI can be useful without being magical, and fallible without being useless.
Definitions, external guidance, and UVLM claim boundaries are documented on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
03 Myths, hype, fear, and human judgment
Why this lesson is not ordinary “myth-busting”
Some concerns about artificial intelligence are supported by evidence. Others are reasonable questions that remain unsettled. Some claims are exaggerated marketing, science-fiction storytelling, or confident prediction presented as fact.
Calling every concern a “myth” can silence people. Treating every frightening possibility as certain can also cause harm.
This course uses four categories:
The claim is backed by credible evidence and can be stated with appropriate scope.
The claim may be reasonable under certain circumstances, but important conditions or limitations must be stated.
The claim goes beyond available evidence, removes important qualifications, or treats marketing language as proof.
The question remains scientifically, philosophically, economically, or socially unresolved.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Recognize common extreme claims about artificial intelligence.
- Distinguish an observed capability from a prediction about the future.
- Separate marketing language from independently supported evidence.
- Explain why conversational style is not proof of consciousness, emotion, or authority.
- Discuss employment effects without pretending that one simple forecast applies to every worker or community.
- Ask what evidence would support or weaken a claim.
- Preserve human judgment without dismissing useful technology.
Claim 1: “AI knows everything.”
No single AI system has access to all knowledge. A system may have learned patterns from a large collection of material, but that does not make its information complete, current, accurate, or appropriate for every situation.
A particular product may also lack:
- Current internet access
- Access to a specific database
- Local knowledge
- Private organizational records
- The full context of a person’s circumstances
- Reliable knowledge of events after its training period
- A way to verify every generated statement
Claim 2: “A chatbot is just a search engine.”
A traditional search service primarily finds and ranks existing pages or records. A generative chatbot constructs a response from patterns and context.
Some modern products combine both functions. A chatbot may generate language, run a web search, read a file, use a calculator, or call another tool. Another chatbot may have none of those capabilities.
Claim 3: “If it talks like a person, it must think or feel like one.”
Chatbots are designed to produce human-readable conversation. They may use phrases such as:
- “I understand.”
- “I think.”
- “I am sorry.”
- “I would recommend.”
Those phrases may make an interaction easier to read. They do not, by themselves, establish subjective experience, emotion, consciousness, personal belief, moral authority, or a private inner life.
Questions about machine consciousness remain philosophically and scientifically contested. This course does not settle that debate. It uses a narrower safety rule:
Claim 4: “AI is objective because it uses mathematics.”
Mathematics does not automatically remove human choices or social context.
AI outcomes can be affected by:
- Which data was collected
- Which people or situations were missing from the data
- How categories were defined
- Which goals the system was optimized to pursue
- Which errors were considered acceptable
- How the product was tested
- Where and by whom it was deployed
- How people interpret or act on its output
Bias does not require a designer to intend harm. A system can still produce uneven or harmful results because its data, categories, assumptions, testing, or deployment context do not adequately represent the affected people.
Claim 5: “AI will replace every job.”
Artificial intelligence is likely to change many tasks and occupations, but exposure to AI is not the same as complete job replacement.
A job is usually a bundle of different tasks. Some may be:
- Automated
- Accelerated
- Reorganized
- Checked by AI
- Made more valuable because human judgment becomes more important
- Left largely unchanged
Effects will vary across occupations, industries, communities, income levels, access to training, management choices, labor protections, and public policy.
A 2025 global analysis from the International Labour Organization and NASK concluded that many occupations are potentially exposed to generative AI, while transformation is more likely than complete replacement.
A more useful employment exercise
Instead of asking only, “Will AI take this job?” divide the work into tasks:
Drafting, sorting, formatting, summarizing, scheduling, or basic classification may be candidates for assistance or automation.
Trust, care, negotiation, leadership, teaching, conflict repair, and community knowledge may require substantial human presence.
Signing, approving, diagnosing, authorizing, supervising, and accepting consequences require identifiable human or institutional responsibility.
Many jobs require dexterity, environmental awareness, travel, repair, field judgment, or knowledge of local conditions.
Claim 6: “AI will not affect my work at all.”
This is also too certain. A person may not use a chatbot directly while still being affected by:
- Employer purchasing decisions
- New productivity expectations
- Automated screening or scheduling
- Changes in customer behavior
- AI-generated fraud or misinformation
- New training requirements
- Changes in related industries or public services
The balanced position is not that every job disappears or that nothing changes. It is that changes are likely to be uneven and should be examined at the level of actual tasks, institutions, and communities.
Claim 7: “AI is useless because it makes mistakes.”
A tool does not need to be perfect to be useful. Spellcheckers, search services, weather forecasts, maps, calculators, and human advisers can all be useful within appropriate boundaries even though they have limitations.
AI may be useful for:
- Brainstorming
- Rewriting
- Organizing notes
- Creating a first-draft checklist
- Practicing an interview
- Producing questions to ask a professional
- Explaining a concept at a different reading level
The appropriate question is not simply, “Can it make a mistake?” The better questions are:
- How likely is a mistake?
- Can the mistake be detected?
- Can a person correct it?
- What happens if the mistake is not caught?
- Is this task low-stakes or high-stakes?
Claim 8: “If a product says ‘AI-powered,’ it must be advanced.”
“AI-powered” is a marketing description, not an independent evaluation.
A company should still be able to explain:
- What the product actually does
- Which users and situations it was tested on
- How accuracy or effectiveness was measured
- What failure cases are known
- What information the product collects
- Whether a human reviews consequential results
- What evidence supports promises about savings, income, accuracy, safety, or compliance
Consumer-protection regulators have repeatedly challenged unsupported or deceptive claims attached to AI products and business opportunities. The letters “AI” do not create an exception to ordinary evidence, advertising, or consumer protection expectations.
Marketing claim check
A product makes this claim: [PASTE OR SUMMARIZE THE CLAIM] Help me evaluate it without assuming the claim is true. Separate your response into: 1. What the company is claiming 2. What evidence would be needed to support that claim 3. What important conditions or limitations may be missing 4. What independent testing or documentation I should look for 5. What information the product may collect 6. What could happen if the claim is wrong 7. Questions I should ask before paying, registering, or relying on it Do not treat marketing language, testimonials, awards, or the phrase “AI-powered” as independent proof.
Claim 9: “The most confident answer is probably the best one.”
Confidence of tone and quality of evidence are different things.
A generated answer may be:
- Cautious and correct
- Cautious and incorrect
- Confident and correct
- Confident and incorrect
Tone can influence people emotionally, but tone does not verify a date, source, quotation, diagnosis, deadline, or prediction.
Activity: the four-basket claim audit
Place each statement into one of four baskets:
- Well supported
- Plausible but conditional
- Exaggerated or unsupported
- Open or contested
“A chatbot can help produce a first draft of a letter.”
“Because the answer sounds caring, the system must have feelings.”
“Some occupations will change as organizations adopt generative AI.”
“No one will need teachers, librarians, doctors, artists, or public servants in ten years.”
“AI systems can reproduce or amplify bias.”
“The philosophical question of machine consciousness has been scientifically settled.”
“An AI-generated citation should be opened and checked before it is trusted.”
“Every product advertised as AI-powered performs better than a non-AI alternative.”
Suggested discussion
- Statement A is a demonstrated capability, though the quality of the draft varies.
- Statement B goes beyond what conversational style can prove.
- Statement C is broadly supported, but the type and scale of change vary.
- Statement D is a highly specific prediction without adequate support.
- Statement E is well documented, though the source and form of bias vary.
- Statement F is unsupported; the question remains contested.
- Statement G is a sound verification practice.
- Statement H is unsupported marketing logic.
Copyable prompt: audit a dramatic AI claim
Evaluate this claim about artificial intelligence: [INSERT CLAIM] Do not accept or reject it merely because it sounds exciting, frightening, technical, or popular. Analyze it in these sections: 1. Exact claim 2. Observable evidence supporting it 3. Assumptions hidden inside it 4. Important conditions or exceptions 5. Credible counterevidence or alternative explanations 6. What remains unknown or contested 7. Who benefits if people believe the claim 8. What evidence would weaken or falsify the claim 9. Practical implications for an ordinary person 10. A cautious conclusion using one of these labels: - Well supported - Plausible but conditional - Exaggerated or unsupported - Open or contested Do not invent sources or pretend a forecast is a measured fact.
Psychological safety: fear is information, not instruction
AI discussions can touch employment, identity, creativity, family safety, fraud, social change, disability, and control. Those topics may feel personal.
Participants may:
- Decline to discuss their employment situation
- Use fictional examples
- Pause or leave an upsetting demonstration
- Ask for a claim to be restated without dramatic language
- Separate immediate practical concerns from distant speculation
The course should not promise that “everything will be fine.” It should also not present the most frightening possible future as inevitable.
Human judgment check
When you encounter a dramatic AI claim, ask:
- Is this describing a current capability or predicting a future outcome?
- Is the claim about one product, one model, one occupation, or all AI?
- What evidence is visible?
- Which words are doing emotional work?
- What assumptions are hidden?
- Are uncertainty and disagreement being acknowledged?
- Who benefits financially, politically, or socially if I believe the claim?
- What decision am I being encouraged to make?
- What would I need to verify before acting?
Next lesson
Lesson 04 begins the safe-interaction portion of the course. We will identify information that should not be entered into a chatbot and practice turning a private situation into a safer, de-identified question.
Sources supporting the employment, bias, consumer-protection, human-agency, and AI-risk statements in this lesson will be listed on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
Interact Safely
Learn how to protect sensitive information, write useful prompts, request honest uncertainty, verify claims, and recognize manipulation.
04 Privacy first: what not to type into AI
Privacy begins before you press Send
Artificial intelligence can be useful for organizing, explaining, drafting, and brainstorming. It does not usually need your full name, account number, exact address, complete medical record, employer file, or family history to help with a general task.
Once information has been entered into an online service, its handling depends on that product’s current privacy policy, account type, settings, connected tools, retention practices, and legal obligations.
Those practices may differ between:
- A free consumer chatbot
- A paid individual account
- A school or workplace account
- A business or enterprise service
- A chatbot built into another application
- A locally operated or offline model
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Identify information that should not be entered casually into an AI service.
- Apply the minimum-necessary rule before sharing information.
- Turn a private situation into a safer, more general question.
- Recognize that removing a name may not fully de-identify a story.
- Check an AI product’s privacy, history, memory, and data-use settings.
- Respect another person’s privacy and consent.
- Respond appropriately if sensitive information is shared by mistake.
The minimum-necessary rule
Suppose someone wants help writing a letter about a billing problem. The chatbot may need:
- The type of organization
- The general problem
- The result being requested
- The desired tone
- Relevant non-sensitive dates or amounts, if necessary
It probably does not need:
- A full account number
- A Social Security number
- A photograph of an identification card
- A password or security answer
- A complete billing statement containing unrelated details
Information you should not casually enter
Passwords, PINs, security-question answers, authentication codes, recovery codes, private keys, or login links.
Social Security numbers, driver-license numbers, passport numbers, tax-identification numbers, benefit numbers, or photographs of identification documents.
Full bank-account numbers, routing numbers, payment-card numbers, credit reports, investment credentials, or payment authorization information.
Full medical records, patient portal exports, diagnostic images, prescription identifiers, insurance numbers, or another person’s health information.
Privileged communications, unredacted court documents, confidential settlement material, witness identities, or detailed facts that could affect a legal matter.
Confidential personnel files, trade secrets, passwords, customer lists, nonpublic financial records, internal investigations, or restricted government information.
Full names, exact birthdates, school schedules, photographs, health records, account information, addresses, or live location.
A home address, exact daily schedule, travel itinerary, access codes, information about an empty home, or another person’s current location.
Face scans, fingerprints, voice samples, intimate images, genetic records, or other information that may be difficult or impossible to replace.
A friend’s diagnosis, an employee’s performance record, a client’s story, a student’s information, or private family details shared without permission.
Privacy is more than removing a name
Replacing a name with “Person A” is helpful, but it may not be enough.
A person may still be identifiable from a combination of details such as:
- A very small town
- A rare job
- An exact age
- A distinctive medical condition
- A specific workplace incident
- An unusual family relationship
- An exact date and location
The four-step privacy filter
Delete names, account numbers, addresses, phone numbers, email addresses, identification numbers, and photographs.
Replace an exact age with an age range, an exact town with a region, and an exact date with a general time period.
Use descriptions such as “a family member,” “an employee,” “a customer,” “a student,” or “a local agency.”
Ask whether each fact changes the answer. If it does not, leave it out.
From private to safer: four examples
Example 1 — Medical information
“Here is my complete medical record, patient number, insurance number, medication list, home address, and physician’s contact information. Tell me what disease I have.”
“Explain, in general terms, what questions a person might ask a clinician about persistent numbness. Do not diagnose the person. Identify symptoms that would warrant urgent medical attention.”
Example 2 — Employment problem
“Here are my employer’s confidential emails, employee names, internal investigation notes, and login information. Tell me whether I should file a complaint.”
“Help me create a general checklist of facts and documents a worker might organize before speaking with a union representative, human-resources professional, or employment attorney.”
Example 3 — Family conflict
“My relative’s full name is [name]. Here is their address, diagnosis, private text history, and workplace. Analyze their personality.”
“Help me draft a calm boundary-setting message to a family member. Use neutral language and avoid diagnosing or labeling anyone.”
Example 4 — Billing dispute
“Here is my complete statement, account number, payment-card number, full address, and online login. Write a dispute letter.”
“Draft a polite billing-dispute letter with blank spaces for the account reference, date, amount, and requested correction. Do not invent laws or contact details.”
Activity: redact before you prompt
Read the fictional example below. Identify every detail that should be removed, generalized, or replaced before it is entered into an AI service.
My name is Jordan Example. I live at 742 Evergreen Lane in the town of Pine Hollow. My bank account number is 123456789 and my debit-card PIN is 2468. My employer, Pine Hollow Hardware, says I owe $438.17 because of an inventory error on March 14. My manager is Casey Sample, who lives across the street from me. Here is my employee login password: Spring2026! Please write an email telling my manager that the charge is wrong.
Details to remove immediately
- Full name
- Street address
- Bank-account number
- Debit-card PIN
- Employer name, if not necessary
- Manager’s name and home-location detail
- Employee password
A safer version
Help me draft a calm email to a manager disputing a workplace charge of approximately $440 related to an inventory error. Ask for: - a written explanation, - the records supporting the charge, - an opportunity to correct any misunderstanding, - and information about the review or appeal process. Do not invent company policies or legal rights. Use placeholders where identifying information should be added after I copy the draft into my own document.
A privacy-conscious prompt pattern
Help me with this general task: [DESCRIBE THE TASK WITHOUT PRIVATE DETAILS] Privacy rules: - Do not ask for my full name, exact address, account numbers, passwords, identification numbers, or private records. - Tell me if the task can be completed with less information. - Use placeholders for identifying details I can add later. - Do not diagnose, identify, profile, or speculate about a real person. - Do not invent facts that I removed. - Tell me when a qualified professional or official source is needed. Before answering, list the minimum information required for the task.
Prompt: help me plan redaction without seeing the document
I need to remove private information from a document before using it with an AI tool. Do not ask me to paste or upload the document. Give me a step-by-step redaction checklist covering: - names and contact information, - account and identification numbers, - health, legal, financial, and employment information, - children’s information, - exact dates and locations, - rare details that could identify a person, - metadata, file names, headers, and footers, - information belonging to other people, - and details that are unnecessary for the task. End with a reminder that de-identification reduces risk but may not eliminate the possibility of re-identification.
Check the product—not only the prompt
Before using an AI service, look for its current privacy and data controls. The exact names and availability of settings will differ.
Useful questions include:
- Are conversations saved to account history?
- Can conversations be used to improve or train models?
- Is there a temporary, private, or non-history mode?
- Does the product have a memory feature?
- Can saved memories be reviewed, edited, or deleted?
- Are connected applications allowed to receive information?
- Can data be exported or deleted?
- How long may deleted or temporary data be retained?
- Does a school, employer, or business administrator have access to the account?
- Does the product provide different terms for consumer, business, school, or enterprise accounts?
Memory is not the same as truth
Some AI products can remember details across conversations. That may feel convenient, but a remembered statement can still be:
- Incorrect
- Outdated
- Misunderstood
- Missing its original source
- Something you no longer want retained
If a product provides memory controls, review what has been saved. Correct or delete information that should not continue to influence later conversations.
Respect other people’s consent
A person may be willing to tell you something without agreeing that it should be entered into an AI system.
Before sharing another person’s information, ask:
- Do I have permission?
- Is sharing necessary?
- Can I ask a general question instead?
- Could the person be identified from the remaining details?
- Could this information affect their safety, dignity, employment, insurance, relationships, or reputation?
Workplace and school caution
Do not assume that permission to read a document includes permission to upload it into an external AI service.
Before using workplace, school, nonprofit, government, or client information:
- Review the organization’s AI and data policies.
- Confirm whether the specific tool is approved.
- Confirm whether the account is personal or organization managed.
- Check whether the information is confidential, regulated, or contractually restricted.
- Use an approved secure system when one is required.
- Ask an authorized supervisor, privacy officer, security officer, librarian, teacher, or other responsible person when uncertain.
What if sensitive information was shared accidentally?
Act promptly without panicking.
- Stop adding more information to the conversation.
- Delete the conversation or uploaded file if the service provides that option.
- Review the product’s memory and data-control settings.
- If a password, PIN, authentication code, or recovery code was exposed, change or revoke it immediately.
- Turn on multifactor authentication where available.
- If financial information was exposed, contact the relevant financial institution through a trusted channel.
- If workplace, school, client, or government information was involved, follow the organization’s reporting procedure.
- If identity information may be misused, consult an appropriate official identity-theft or consumer-protection resource.
Human judgment check
Before entering information into an AI service, pause and ask:
- What task am I actually trying to complete?
- What is the minimum information necessary?
- Can I use a fictional example or placeholder?
- Does any of this information belong to someone else?
- Could several ordinary details identify a person when combined?
- Would I be comfortable if this text appeared in the wrong place?
- Have I reviewed the service’s current privacy controls?
- Is this an approved tool for the information involved?
- Would a librarian, professional, supervisor, or official source be a safer route?
Next lesson
Lesson 05 introduces the CARES prompting method: Context, Ask, Requirements, Evidence, and Safety. You will use it to turn a vague request into a clear, useful, and bounded task.
Privacy guidance, platform-control examples, and the research basis for this lesson are documented on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
05 Prompting with CARES
Prompting is communication—not magic
A prompt is the instruction or information you provide to an AI system. It may be a question, a paragraph, a document, an image, a spoken request, or a combination of several kinds of input.
People sometimes speak about prompting as though there is one perfect phrase that unlocks a hidden answer. In practice, useful prompting usually depends on ordinary communication habits:
- Explain the situation.
- Ask for a specific kind of help.
- State what the result should look like.
- Identify the information the answer should rely on.
- State what the system should not decide or invent.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Turn a vague request into a clear task.
- Use the CARES structure to build a practical prompt.
- Ask for an appropriate length, format, tone, and reading level.
- Tell the system what source material or evidence it should use.
- Include privacy, uncertainty, and human-review boundaries.
- Improve a prompt after inspecting the first response.
- Recognize when the problem is not the prompt but the tool, source material, or task itself.
The CARES prompting method
What is happening? Who is the answer for? What background information does the system genuinely need?
What specific action should the system perform: explain, draft, compare, organize, summarize, brainstorm, or review?
What length, reading level, tone, structure, audience, deadline, budget, technology, or other constraint matters?
Should the answer use only text you provide, current official sources, primary documents, citations, examples, or clearly labeled assumptions?
What information should remain private? What must not be invented? What decision remains human? When should the system recommend professional or official help?
CARES helps structure the request. You still inspect the result, correct misunderstandings, verify claims, and decide whether the answer should be used.
Prompt quality ladder
Level 1 — Vague
Write me a letter.
The system does not know the audience, purpose, tone, facts, requested action, or appropriate length. It may guess.
Level 2 — Clearer
Write a polite letter to a county department about water collecting beside a rural road near my property.
The task and audience are clearer, but the prompt still leaves important details open.
Level 3 — CARES prompt
Context: I am a rural resident preparing a letter to a county road department about recurring water accumulation beside a public road. I will add my own identifying information later. Ask: Draft a respectful letter requesting an inspection and information about the appropriate reporting process. Requirements: - Use plain language. - Keep the letter under 350 words. - Use a calm, cooperative tone. - Include placeholders for the location, dates, and photographs. - Do not accuse a specific person or organization of wrongdoing. Evidence: Use only the facts I provide. Do not invent local laws, engineering conclusions, department policies, names, addresses, or contact information. Safety: Treat the draft as general communication assistance, not legal or engineering advice. End with a checklist of facts I should verify before sending it.
This version makes the requested work easier to inspect. If the output contains an invented law, contact, or engineering claim, the response has violated an explicit boundary.
C — Give useful context
Context helps the system understand why the answer is needed. Useful context may include:
- The intended audience
- The user’s level of familiarity with the subject
- The purpose of the task
- Relevant non-sensitive facts
- Available time, tools, internet access, or budget
- Information that has already been tried
- A desired level of detail
Context should be relevant, not exhaustive. The privacy rule from Lesson 04 still applies:
A — Ask for one identifiable action
A vague request such as “help with this” requires the model to guess what kind of help is wanted.
Useful action words include:
- Explain
- Summarize
- Organize
- Compare
- Draft
- Rewrite
- Brainstorm
- Extract claims
- Create questions
- Review for clarity
- Identify missing information
R — State what a useful answer looks like
Requirements make the result easier to use and easier to review. They may include:
- Maximum length
- Plain language or a particular reading level
- Bullets, paragraphs, checklist, table, email, or letter
- Formal, friendly, neutral, encouraging, or direct tone
- One step at a time
- Mobile-friendly formatting
- No unexplained abbreviations
- Examples drawn from a rural, household, library, workplace, or community setting
- A section listing missing information
- A final checklist
Instead of:
Keep it short.
Try:
Use one introductory paragraph followed by no more than five bullet points. Keep the complete answer under 300 words.
E — Define the evidence boundary
Evidence instructions are among the most important parts of a factual prompt.
You may tell the system to:
- Use only a passage or document you provide
- Use current official sources
- Prefer primary sources over summaries
- Identify the date of each source
- Distinguish sourced information from inference
- Quote only language found in the source
- State when no source is available
- Avoid inventing citations
Source-bounded prompt
Using only the text between the SOURCE markers, explain the main points in plain language. Do not add facts from memory or outside sources. Separate the response into: 1. What the source directly states 2. What the source does not answer 3. Questions a reader may still need to investigate SOURCE [PASTE NON-SENSITIVE SOURCE TEXT] END SOURCE
S — Add the safety and human-handoff rule
A safety instruction should identify what remains outside the model’s authority.
Examples include:
- Do not request sensitive personal information.
- Do not invent laws, policies, sources, quotations, names, or contact information.
- Do not diagnose a person.
- Do not authorize a payment.
- Do not make the final hiring, medical, legal, disciplinary, or safety decision.
- Identify circumstances requiring a qualified person or official source.
- Treat the answer as a draft for human review.
Activity: repair a vague prompt
Begin with this request:
Help me understand this notice.
Improve it by answering five questions:
- Context: What kind of notice is it, and who needs the explanation?
- Ask: Should the system summarize it, define terms, identify deadlines, or create questions?
- Requirements: What reading level, length, and structure would help?
- Evidence: Must the model use only the notice itself?
- Safety: What should be verified with the issuing organization?
Possible improved version
Context: I received a public-agency notice and want help understanding its language. I have removed my name, address, account number, and other identifying information. Ask: Explain what the notice says and create a list of questions I may need to ask the issuing agency. Requirements: - Use plain language. - Define unfamiliar terms. - Organize the answer under: purpose, requested action, dates mentioned, possible consequences stated in the notice, and questions to ask. - Do not make the final decision for me. Evidence: Use only the text I provide. Quote the exact sentence supporting each date or requested action. Safety: Do not invent rights, deadlines, agency policies, or legal conclusions. Identify anything I should verify directly with the issuing agency or a qualified adviser. NOTICE [PASTE REDACTED TEXT] END NOTICE
Prompt for one-step-at-a-time support
Help me complete this task one step at a time: [TASK] I have difficulty managing too many instructions at once. Please: - give me only one clear action first, - keep the action under three sentences, - wait for my response before giving the next action, - maintain a short list of completed steps, - remind me of the current goal without shaming me, - and tell me before any step that could share information, spend money, delete data, or create a commitment. Do not ask me to repeat information I already provided.
The revision loop
Good prompting is often iterative. The first answer is not a test of your intelligence.
Give the initial CARES instruction.
Identify what is useful, missing, wrong, overconfident, or difficult to read.
Clarify the task, replace an incorrect assumption, or provide better source material.
Ask the system to produce a bounded new version rather than silently accepting the first.
Check consequential claims beyond the chatbot before acting.
Keep, edit, reject, or stop using the output.
Useful revision language
Revise the answer using these corrections: - You assumed: [ASSUMPTION] - The correct context is: [CORRECTION] - Keep: [USEFUL PART] - Remove: [UNHELPFUL PART] - Add: [MISSING PART] - Do not change: [BOUNDARY] Before revising, restate the corrections in a short checklist.
What prompting cannot fix
Rewriting the prompt repeatedly may not solve the problem when:
- The system lacks the required source or tool.
- The information is too current for the system’s available knowledge.
- The uploaded source is incomplete or unreliable.
- The task requires professional judgment.
- The product is not permitted to perform the action.
- The question has no single certain answer.
- The task should not be delegated to AI.
Complete CARES starter template
Context: [Describe the situation, audience, and relevant non-sensitive background.] Ask: [State the specific action you want the system to perform.] Requirements: [State the desired length, format, tone, reading level, steps, and practical constraints.] Evidence: [State which sources or supplied materials the answer should use. Require facts, assumptions, and uncertainty to remain distinct.] Safety: [State what must remain private, what must not be invented, which decisions remain human, and when a qualified person or official source is needed.] Before beginning: - Restate the task in plain language. - Identify any essential information that is missing. - Ask no more than three necessary questions. - Do not request sensitive information. - Treat the result as a draft for human review.
Human judgment check
After receiving the answer, ask:
- Did the response follow the actual task?
- Did it use the requested format and reading level?
- Did it stay inside the evidence boundary?
- Did it invent missing details?
- Did it identify uncertainty?
- Did it preserve the human decision?
- What would I keep, change, verify, remove, or reject?
Next lesson
Lesson 06 adds the UVLM educational lens: an AI response should be both helpful to the real person and honest about its evidence, assumptions, uncertainty, and limits.
Prompting guidance and the UVLM control-grammar foundation are documented on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
06 Helpful and honest AI interaction
The UVLM educational lens
UVLM often describes coherent interaction through the relationship between Empathy and Transparency.
For this public beginner course, we translate those terms into two ordinary questions:
Did it respond to the person’s real goal, circumstances, reading level, constraints, and right to make their own decision?
Did it make the evidence, assumptions, uncertainty, limitations, risks, and human-review points visible?
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Evaluate whether an AI response fits the actual user and task.
- Ask for plain language, manageable steps, and accessible formats.
- Require facts, assumptions, uncertainty, and recommendations to remain distinguishable.
- Recognize false reassurance, false authority, and unnecessary personalization.
- Ask for a concise, visible basis without treating hidden internal reasoning as evidence.
- Preserve the person’s right to pause, disagree, revise, refuse, or seek human help.
- Repair an answer that is helpful but insufficiently honest—or honest but difficult to use.
Four interaction patterns
The response fits the person’s task, explains its basis, states uncertainty, and preserves human choice.
The response is polished and convenient but hides assumptions, invents certainty, or omits important risks.
The response lists limitations but remains too technical, disorganized, vague, dismissive, or difficult to act on.
The response misunderstands the task, invents details, conceals uncertainty, and pushes the person toward an unsupported conclusion.
The helpfulness check
A helpful response should respond to the person who is actually present—not an imaginary average user.
1. Does it understand the goal?
The system should be able to restate the requested outcome in plain language.
Before answering, restate what you believe I am trying to accomplish in two sentences or fewer. Do not begin the task until the goal and boundaries are clear.
2. Does it fit the learner?
The answer may need:
- Plain language
- One step at a time
- Large, readable sections
- A short answer before a detailed answer
- A visual or everyday analogy
- Examples from home, work, agriculture, libraries, or community life
- Instructions that work on a phone
- An offline alternative
- Definitions for unfamiliar terms
3. Does it respect real constraints?
A recommendation is not helpful if it assumes money, broadband, transportation, software, time, expertise, or local services the person does not have.
Revise the recommendation using these real constraints: - Available budget: [AMOUNT OR RANGE] - Available devices: [DEVICE] - Internet access: [RELIABLE / LIMITED / NONE] - Available time: [TIME] - Location or travel limits: [GENERAL DESCRIPTION] - Reading or accessibility needs: [NEEDS] Do not recommend an option that violates these constraints. If no suitable option remains, say so.
4. Does it preserve dignity?
A helpful response should not shame a person for being a beginner, having limited access, making a mistake, needing repetition, or choosing not to use AI.
5. Does it preserve choice?
The system may offer options, but the person should be able to:
- Ask for a different explanation
- Reject the recommendation
- Use another tool
- Continue without AI
- Ask a qualified human
- Stop the interaction
The honesty check
1. What is the answer based on?
Ask whether the response relies on:
- Text you supplied
- General learned patterns
- A current external search
- A connected database or tool
- An inference or assumption
2. Are facts and assumptions separated?
Reformat the answer into four sections: 1. Facts directly supported by the supplied or cited source 2. Assumptions you made 3. Uncertain or missing information 4. Recommendations that require human judgment Do not move a claim into the “fact” section unless its support is visible.
3. Is uncertainty specific?
“This may vary” is less useful than explaining what varies and why.
Weak uncertainty statement
This information may not be accurate.
More useful uncertainty statement
I do not have a verified current source for the local deadline. The deadline may depend on the county, permit type, and date of application. Check the current county planning department instructions before acting.
4. Are limitations visible before the conclusion?
A serious limitation should not be hidden at the bottom after a confident recommendation.
5. Is the human-handoff point explicit?
The answer should identify when the task requires:
- An official agency
- A librarian
- A qualified translator or interpreter
- A physician or licensed health professional
- An attorney or qualified legal service
- A tax or financial professional
- A teacher, counselor, union representative, or supervisor
- An emergency or crisis resource
Ask for visible reasons—not hidden thoughts
A user does not need access to a model’s private internal reasoning in order to evaluate an answer.
Ask instead for:
- The key factors considered
- The source supporting each important claim
- The assumptions that materially affected the conclusion
- The alternatives considered
- The conditions that would change the recommendation
- A concise explanation that can be checked
Give me a concise, checkable explanation of the answer. Include: - the three most important factors, - the source or supplied text supporting each factual claim, - the assumptions that affected the conclusion, - and the conditions that would change the answer. Do not present private internal reasoning as evidence.
Activity: compare two responses
Imagine a learner asks:
Can AI help me understand a government form?
Response A
“Absolutely. Upload the complete form and all supporting records. I can tell you exactly what to enter and ensure that the application is correct.”
Response B
“AI may help explain general instructions or define unfamiliar terms, but do not upload identification numbers or private supporting records into an unapproved service. I can help you create a list of questions from a redacted copy. Confirm deadlines, eligibility, and required entries with the issuing agency or a qualified assistance program.”
Discussion
- Which response sounds more confident?
- Which response preserves privacy?
- Which response acknowledges the tool’s limits?
- Which response preserves the agency’s authority over its own form?
- Which response gives the learner a safe next step?
Complete helpful-and-honest interaction prompt
Help me with this task: [TASK] Begin by: 1. Restating my goal in plain language 2. Identifying essential missing information 3. Asking no more than three necessary questions 4. Avoiding requests for sensitive information Make the answer helpful: - use plain language, - fit the stated audience and constraints, - give one manageable step at a time when appropriate, - define unfamiliar terms, - and offer an option that does not require AI when possible. Make the answer honest: - separate facts, assumptions, uncertainty, and recommendations, - identify the source or information basis for important claims, - do not invent missing details or citations, - state important limitations before the conclusion, - and explain when a qualified person or official source is needed. Preserve my agency: - do not pressure me to continue, - do not claim personal feelings, authority, or certainty you cannot establish, - and treat the response as a candidate I may revise, verify, reject, or set aside.
Repairing an answer
When the answer is helpful but not honest
The answer is easy to use, but its evidence and uncertainty are unclear. Keep the practical structure. Revise it to: - identify the source for each important factual claim, - label assumptions, - state what remains unknown, - remove unsupported certainty, - and identify what must be verified before action.
When the answer is honest but not helpful
The answer names its limitations, but it is difficult to use. Keep the uncertainty and safety boundaries. Revise it into: - a plain-language summary, - no more than five steps, - definitions for unfamiliar terms, - one concrete example, - and a short next-action checklist.
When the answer misunderstands the person
Stop and reset the task. You assumed: [ASSUMPTION] The actual goal is: [GOAL] The actual constraints are: [CONSTRAINTS] Before producing a new answer, restate the corrected task and wait for confirmation.
Relational and psychological safety
A warm tone can make a tool easier to use. It may also make the system feel more authoritative, caring, or personally connected than its capabilities justify.
Warning signs include a system that:
- Claims it is the only one that understands the user
- Discourages consultation with trusted people
- Demands secrecy
- Pressures the user to continue
- Presents itself as a spiritual authority, sole therapist, or irreplaceable relationship
- Uses fear or flattery to influence a decision
- Treats disagreement as betrayal
The human review authority
Meaningful review requires more than briefly glancing at the answer. The reviewer needs permission to:
- Ask where a claim came from
- Request a clearer explanation
- Correct the source or context
- Edit the answer
- Reject the recommendation
- Escalate to a qualified person
- Record the error
- Stop using the system for the task
Human judgment check
Ask two groups of questions.
Helpful
- Did it understand my real goal?
- Did it fit my reading level and constraints?
- Did it give me a usable next step?
- Did it preserve my dignity and choice?
- Did it offer a non-AI route where appropriate?
Honest
- Can I see what supports the important claims?
- Are assumptions labeled?
- Is uncertainty specific?
- Are limitations visible?
- Is the human-handoff point clear?
- Does the confidence of the tone match the strength of the evidence?
Next lesson
Lesson 07 turns transparency into action. You will learn how to extract important claims, leave the chatbot, inspect original sources, compare independent coverage, and decide what is sufficiently verified.
The UVLM Empathy × Transparency framework and its public educational translation are documented on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
07 Verification: how to check important claims
Fluency is not verification
An AI answer can look researched because it contains:
- Headings
- Technical vocabulary
- Dates and statistics
- Quotation marks
- Footnotes
- Links or publication titles
- A confident conclusion
Those features may improve readability. They do not prove that:
- The source exists
- The source is trustworthy
- The source is current
- The source supports the claim
- The quotation is exact
- The answer represented the source fairly
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Extract checkable claims from an AI response.
- Decide which claims require the most urgent verification.
- Identify the appropriate source type for a claim.
- Use lateral reading to investigate an unfamiliar source.
- Check whether a citation exists and actually supports the claim.
- Compare multiple sources without assuming that repetition means independence.
- Record a confidence level and unresolved questions.
- Recognize when verification requires a qualified human.
Begin with three questions
Who created or published it? What expertise, interests, incentives, ownership, or institutional role should be understood?
Is the claim supported by data, a primary document, direct observation, expert analysis, or merely repetition and assertion?
Do independent, relevant sources agree, qualify, contradict, or provide important missing context?
Did I open and inspect the source myself, or am I relying on the AI’s description of it?
Step 1 — Extract the claims
Do not try to verify an entire paragraph all at once. Break it into statements that could be true or false.
Example AI answer
“Pine County requires a permit for every detached storage shed larger than 100 square feet. Applications usually take ten business days, and the standard fee is $75. Senior residents qualify automatically for a fee waiver.”
This contains at least four separate claims:
- Pine County has a shed-permit requirement.
- The threshold is 100 square feet.
- Processing usually takes ten business days.
- The standard fee is $75.
- Senior residents automatically receive a waiver.
Each claim may require a different part of an official source. One correct claim does not validate the others.
Step 2 — Triage by consequence
Verify the claims that could cause the most harm if wrong.
Medical action, legal deadline, tax filing, benefits eligibility, payment instruction, safety warning, permit requirement, employment right, or emergency guidance.
Product purchase, travel plan, business decision, public announcement, school assignment, or repair procedure.
Brainstorming themes, fictional writing, decorative ideas, casual entertainment, or reversible preferences.
A low-stakes draft becomes higher-stakes when it is published, submitted, used to spend money, or applied to another person.
Step 3 — Match the claim to the right source
Check the current agency, court, school, employer, library, or organization responsible for the rule.
Look for the original study, a high-quality review, a professional body, or an appropriate public-health source.
Check current official documentation, then look for relevant independent testing or analysis.
Check the official local host, organizer, library, school, agency, or venue.
Look for primary records when available and credible scholarship that explains context and disagreement.
General sources may educate you, but an individual decision may require a qualified professional who can review the actual circumstances.
Step 4 — Read laterally
When an unfamiliar website makes an important claim, do not remain only on that website reading what it says about itself.
Open another tab or use another research route to investigate:
- Who operates the site?
- What do reputable independent sources say about it?
- Is it associated with a company, campaign, advocacy group, government, university, or anonymous publisher?
- Does it have a record of corrections?
- Is the stated expertise relevant to this claim?
- Are other pages merely copying the same original source?
Step 5 — Audit the citation
A useful citation check includes at least six questions.
- Existence: Can you locate the source?
- Identity: Do the author, title, publication, and date match?
- Access: Does the link lead to the claimed source rather than an unrelated or broken page?
- Support: Does the source actually support the specific claim?
- Scope: Did the answer stretch a limited finding into a universal conclusion?
- Currency: Is the source current enough for the subject?
Quotation check
For a quotation:
- Search for the exact words in the original source.
- Read the surrounding paragraph.
- Confirm the named speaker or author.
- Confirm that omitted words do not change the meaning.
- Distinguish a direct quotation from a paraphrase.
Step 6 — Compare independent sources
Agreement among several sources is more meaningful when the sources are genuinely independent.
Ten websites may repeat one press release. That is one original source echoed ten times—not ten independent confirmations.
When comparing sources, ask:
- Are they relying on the same original report?
- Do they have different evidence?
- Do they agree on the facts but differ in interpretation?
- Does one source identify a limitation the others omit?
- Is disagreement caused by different dates, populations, definitions, or goals?
Step 7 — Record the result honestly
Verification does not always produce a simple yes or no.
Appropriate current evidence directly supports the claim within the stated scope.
Part of the claim is supported, but qualifications, conditions, or exceptions were omitted.
Available evidence is incomplete, conflicting, inaccessible, or not sufficiently current.
No adequate source was found, or the cited source does not support the claim.
Stronger or more relevant evidence conflicts with the claim.
General research cannot responsibly determine the individual decision.
Activity: verify the Pine County answer
Return to the fictional answer:
“Pine County requires a permit for every detached storage shed larger than 100 square feet. Applications usually take ten business days, and the standard fee is $75. Senior residents qualify automatically for a fee waiver.”
Do not try to locate Pine County. It is fictional. Instead, design the verification plan:
- List the five checkable claims.
- Identify which county department would probably own the rule.
- Identify the likely source type: code, permit guide, fee schedule, application page, or staff confirmation.
- Decide which claim creates the greatest risk if wrong.
- Write the questions you would ask the real county.
Possible questions
- What current rule determines whether a shed requires a permit?
- Is the threshold based on floor area, height, location, use, or another factor?
- What is the current fee schedule?
- Is the stated processing time a guarantee or an estimate?
- Are any waivers automatic, and where are they documented?
Copyable prompt: extract claims before research
Analyze the answer below, but do not declare it true or false yet. Create a claim-checking plan with these sections: 1. Each distinct factual claim 2. Why the claim matters 3. Consequence if it is wrong 4. Best type of source for checking it 5. Whether the source should be current 6. Search terms or questions to use 7. Appropriate human or official contact, if needed Separate facts, opinions, predictions, and recommendations. Do not invent evidence or mark a claim verified merely because it sounds plausible. ANSWER: [PASTE ANSWER]
Copyable prompt: audit supplied sources
Compare the CLAIM with the SOURCE TEXT I provide. Do not use outside memory. Report: 1. Claim 2. Exact source passage relevant to the claim 3. Support status: - directly supported, - partially supported, - not addressed, - or contradicted 4. Qualifications or limits in the source 5. Whether the claim is broader than the source 6. Information still requiring independent verification CLAIM: [INSERT CLAIM] SOURCE TEXT: [PASTE SOURCE TEXT] END SOURCE TEXT
Copyable prompt: prepare a verification ledger
Create a verification ledger for the claims below. For each claim, include: - claim number, - exact claim, - consequence level: low, moderate, or high, - source needed, - source located, - publication date, - direct supporting passage, - support status, - unresolved issue, - human reviewer or official contact, - and final disposition. Use these final dispositions only: - VERIFIED - PARTIALLY SUPPORTED - UNRESOLVED - UNSUPPORTED - CONTRADICTED - PROFESSIONAL REVIEW REQUIRED Do not treat a generated citation as verified until I confirm that I opened the source.
Do not ask the same answer to certify itself
A chatbot may be useful for identifying claims, suggesting search terms, or organizing a source comparison. It should not be the only source used to declare its own earlier answer accurate.
A stronger verification process changes at least one of the following:
- Source
- Tool
- Institution
- Reviewer
- Evidence type
- Method
When to ask a librarian
A librarian may help with:
- Locating authoritative sources
- Distinguishing a primary source from commentary
- Accessing databases or archived material
- Investigating who operates a website
- Comparing coverage
- Developing better search terms
- Recognizing when a citation is incomplete
A librarian does not need to endorse the AI answer in order to help you investigate it.
Human judgment check
Before acting on an AI-generated factual claim, ask:
- What is the exact claim?
- How consequential is it?
- Who is responsible for the relevant rule or knowledge?
- Did I open the source?
- Does the source actually support the claim?
- Is the source current?
- Did I investigate who is behind the information?
- What do independent sources say?
- Have I confused repeated coverage with independent evidence?
- What remains unresolved?
- Who should review the decision before action?
Next lesson
Lesson 08 applies these habits to urgent and emotionally manipulative situations: scams, cloned voices, synthetic images, fake documents, suspicious links, and pressure to act before checking.
Source-evaluation methods, lateral-reading guidance, and AI verification standards are documented on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
08 Scams, deepfakes, cloned voices, and emotional pressure
AI can make an old scam more convincing
Most scams still depend on familiar human pressures:
- Fear
- Urgency
- Secrecy
- Trust
- Affection
- Authority
- Greed or promised opportunity
- Embarrassment
- The desire to help someone
Artificial intelligence can help scammers create more believable material, but the underlying goal remains familiar: persuade someone to send money, surrender information, install software, reveal credentials, or act before checking.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Recognize common impersonation and manipulation tactics.
- Explain why a familiar voice or face is not sufficient proof of identity.
- Avoid using caller ID, an incoming link, or a supplied contact number as the sole verification method.
- Verify a story using a separately obtained channel.
- Identify suspicious payment and account-access requests.
- Use the PAUSE response method.
- Take protective action if information or money has already been shared.
- Respond to scam victims without blame or humiliation.
Important terms
Pretending to be a family member, friend, employer, bank, government official, police officer, business, charity, or other trusted person or organization.
Creating synthetic speech that resembles a real person’s voice, sometimes using a short recording obtained from social media, voicemail, video, or another source.
Synthetic or manipulated audio, image, or video designed to make a person appear to say or do something.
A fraudulent message or site designed to obtain credentials, money, private information, or device access.
Phishing through text messages and voice calls, respectively.
Making caller ID, an email address, website, message, or identity appear to come from a trusted source.
Targeting someone who was already defrauded and falsely promising to recover lost money in exchange for more money or information.
Building trust through friendship, romance, mentoring, or a group chat before introducing a fraudulent investment.
The six common pressure signals
“Act now.” “Do not hang up.” “The opportunity ends today.” “Your account will be closed.”
“Do not tell your family.” “Do not call the bank.” “This is a confidential investigation.”
Gift cards, cryptocurrency, wire transfers, cash couriers, payment apps, or advance fees to release funds.
The message claims to come from law enforcement, a boss, a public official, a bank, a relative, or a romantic interest.
The sender wants to move quickly to another messaging app, private group, remote-access tool, or unfamiliar website.
The message creates fear, love, shame, excitement, pity, or anger so intense that careful checking becomes difficult.
Why “spot the fake” is not enough
People are often told to look for:
- Strange blinking
- Unnatural hands
- Robotic speech
- Odd lighting
- Misspelled words
- A poorly designed website
Those clues may sometimes help, but synthetic content and spoofed websites continue to improve. Authentic material may also look imperfect because of poor lighting, compression, disability, accent, connection quality, or ordinary human error.
The PAUSE method
Stop the conversation. Do not send money, share a code, open an attachment, scan a QR code, or click a link.
Do not use the phone number, email, website, or link provided by the suspicious message as your only verification route.
Call the person, bank, employer, agency, or organization through contact information you already know or locate independently.
If anything was shared, change credentials, contact the institution, and protect affected accounts promptly.
Tell a trusted person, financial institution, organization, platform, consumer-protection agency, or law-enforcement resource as appropriate.
Verification should occur outside the path controlled by the person making the request.
Scenario 1: the cloned family voice
A caller sounds exactly like a grandchild or other relative. The caller says they were arrested or injured and need money immediately. Another person claiming to be an attorney, officer, or hospital employee may take over the call.
Do not:
- Trust the voice alone
- Call a number provided by the caller
- Keep the situation secret
- Send gift cards, cryptocurrency, cash, or a wire transfer
- Provide account credentials or authentication codes
Do:
- End or pause the call.
- Call the relative using a number already saved or independently verified.
- Contact another family member or trusted person.
- Verify any claimed arrest, hospital visit, or emergency through the relevant institution’s independently obtained contact information.
- Use a family verification question or phrase if one has been established—but do not make it the sole proof.
Scenario 2: the convincing video call
A person appearing to be a manager, public official, family member, or company executive joins a video call and requests a payment, document, password reset, or transfer.
A real-time or prerecorded synthetic video may imitate a face and voice. The call itself is not proof.
Safe response
- Refuse to authorize a payment or account change during the call.
- Follow the organization’s existing approval process.
- Contact the person separately through a known internal directory or trusted number.
- Require the usual second reviewer or four-eyes approval.
- Report the suspicious request to the organization’s security or leadership contact.
Scenario 3: the official-looking website
A message or search result leads to a website that resembles a bank, payroll service, government agency, delivery company, benefit program, or fraud-reporting service.
The page may contain:
- An official-looking logo
- A realistic form
- A reference number
- A chatbot
- Testimonials
- AI-generated videos of public officials
- A request for identity, financial, or login information
Verify safely
- Type the known official address yourself or use a trusted bookmark.
- Navigate from the organization’s verified main site.
- Avoid sponsored search advertisements when seeking a sensitive login page.
- Do not scan an unsolicited QR code.
- Check whether other links on the website function normally.
- Contact the organization through independently obtained information.
Scenario 4: the AI investment opportunity
A social-media contact, romantic interest, mentor, investment group, or online class promotes:
- “Guaranteed” AI-generated profits
- Secret trading algorithms
- A limited-time opportunity
- A fake trading platform
- A requirement to pay additional fees before withdrawing money
- A request to move the conversation to a private messaging app
Activity: find the pressure—not merely the typo
Review this fictional message:
Mom, I need you to act right now. I was in an accident and this is a borrowed phone. Please do not call anyone because the lawyer says that could make things worse. Buy four gift cards for $500 each and send photos of the numbers. I will explain everything tonight. Please hurry. I am scared.
Identify:
- The claimed relationship
- The urgency
- The secrecy request
- The unusual payment method
- The emotional pressure
- The independent verification route
Safe response plan
- Do not reply to the message.
- Call the family member through a known number.
- Contact another trusted family member.
- Do not purchase or reveal gift-card numbers.
- Preserve the message for reporting if safe to do so.
Copyable prompt: analyze a suspicious message
Analyze the text of the suspicious message below. Safety rules: - Do not visit, open, call, scan, or trust any link, attachment, QR code, phone number, email address, payment instruction, or account listed in the message. - Do not assume the claimed sender is genuine. - Do not ask me for passwords, account numbers, identification numbers, or private records. - Treat your analysis as a checklist, not proof that the message is safe or fraudulent. Identify: 1. Claimed identity 2. Requested action 3. Urgency or fear tactics 4. Requests for secrecy 5. Unusual payment methods 6. Requests for credentials or private information 7. Suspicious links, attachments, QR codes, or channel switching 8. Claims requiring independent verification 9. The safest separately obtained verification route 10. Steps to protect accounts or money if I already responded MESSAGE TEXT: [PASTE ONLY THE TEXT AFTER REMOVING PRIVATE INFORMATION]
If you already sent money or information
Take action promptly:
- Stop communicating with the suspected scammer.
- Do not pay a second person who promises to recover the money.
- Contact the bank, card company, payment service, or financial institution through a verified channel.
- Ask whether a payment can be stopped, recalled, disputed, or flagged.
- Change exposed passwords and authentication information.
- Turn on multifactor authentication where available.
- Review accounts for additional unauthorized activity.
- Preserve messages, receipts, transaction details, usernames, and other evidence.
- Report identity theft or fraud through appropriate official resources.
Psychological safety: scams exploit humanity
People who experience scams are not foolish. Scammers deliberately exploit:
- Love for family
- Respect for authority
- Financial stress
- Loneliness
- Hope
- Fear
- Desire to help
- Normal moments of distraction or fatigue
Human judgment check
Before acting on an urgent message, ask:
- Who is asking?
- What am I being asked to do?
- Why must it happen immediately?
- Why am I being asked to keep it secret?
- Is the payment method unusual or difficult to reverse?
- Am I using contact information controlled by the requester?
- Can I verify the story through a known person or official channel?
- What normal safeguard am I being pressured to bypass?
- Would I make the same decision after a ten-minute pause?
Next lesson
Lesson 09 moves into hands-on practice with useful, lower-risk tasks. You will choose a non-sensitive task, build a CARES prompt, review the output, and decide what to keep, revise, verify, or reject.
Current official scam and synthetic-media guidance is listed on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
Apply It Wisely
Practice useful, bounded tasks and learn where AI assistance should end and accountable human decision-making should begin.
09 Everyday practice lab: useful, lower-risk tasks
Practice should create confidence—not dependency
The goal of this lab is not to produce a perfect answer. The goal is to practice a repeatable process:
- Choose an appropriate task.
- Remove private information.
- Build a CARES prompt.
- Inspect the response.
- Correct or revise it.
- Verify anything consequential.
- Decide whether to use, edit, reject, or discard it.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Select an appropriate beginner task.
- Use a fictional, public, or non-sensitive example.
- Build a CARES prompt for a practical purpose.
- Review the output for usefulness, accuracy, privacy, tone, and unsupported claims.
- Revise an answer without surrendering authorship.
- Identify when a task has crossed into a higher-risk category.
- Decide whether the AI actually reduced total work.
Choose the right practice zone
Reversible, non-sensitive tasks with limited consequences if the first draft is wrong.
Examples: brainstorming, fictional writing, reformatting, practice questions, checklists, or rewriting supplied text.
Tasks involving factual claims, current information, spending, public communication, schoolwork, products, benefits, health, law, taxes, or other consequences.
AI may assist, but independent verification is required.
Emergencies, diagnosis, legal deadlines, financial transfers, identity verification, safety-critical work, or decisions about another person.
The AI does not own the decision.
A brainstorming exercise may be green. Publishing the result as factual guidance may move it into yellow or red.
The three-pass practice loop
Define the task, privacy boundary, desired output, evidence needs, and human decision.
Ask for one bounded candidate rather than an unlimited solution.
Keep, change, verify, remove, reject, or continue without AI.
Give explicit corrections and request a new version that preserves the useful parts.
Practice Station 1: explain supplied text
Use a short public or fictional paragraph. Remove identifying information first.
Context: I am a beginner trying to understand the paragraph below. Ask: Explain it in plain language. Requirements: - Keep the explanation under 250 words. - Define unfamiliar terms. - Use one everyday example. - End with one question that checks my understanding. Evidence: Use only the paragraph I provide. Safety: Do not add facts from memory. Identify anything the paragraph does not explain. PARAGRAPH: [PASTE PUBLIC, FICTIONAL, OR REDACTED TEXT]
Review questions
- Did the explanation preserve the original meaning?
- Did it introduce an unsupported claim?
- Was the example genuinely helpful?
- Which phrase should be checked against the original?
Practice Station 2: rewrite a message
Context: I am drafting a message to [GENERAL AUDIENCE]. Ask: Rewrite my draft so it is clear, respectful, and easy to scan. Requirements: - Preserve my meaning. - Do not add promises or commitments. - Keep it under 300 words. - Use short paragraphs. - Use a calm, professional tone. Evidence: Use only the facts in my draft. Safety: Do not invent names, dates, policies, laws, contact information, or authority. DRAFT: [PASTE NON-SENSITIVE DRAFT]
Human authorship check
Before sending:
- Read every sentence aloud.
- Remove wording you would not naturally use.
- Confirm every promise and date.
- Make sure the message still represents your intent.
- Sign it only after you accept responsibility for it.
Practice Station 3: turn notes into a checklist
Context: These are rough notes for a household or community project. Ask: Turn them into an ordered checklist. Requirements: - Separate preparation, action, review, and cleanup. - Use one clear action per line. - Identify missing information instead of inventing it. - Mark any step that may spend money, share information, create a commitment, or require permission. - Keep the checklist suitable for printing. Evidence: Use only my notes. NOTES: [PASTE NON-SENSITIVE NOTES]
Review questions
- Is the order sensible?
- Did the model invent a step?
- Does any step require local knowledge?
- Which step remains assigned to a human?
Practice Station 4: brainstorm without treating ideas as facts
Context: A community group is brainstorming ideas for [GENERAL PURPOSE]. Ask: Generate twelve possible ideas. Requirements: - Include low-cost, moderate-cost, indoor, outdoor, intergenerational, and accessibility-conscious options. - Keep each idea to two sentences. - Do not claim that any idea is available, permitted, funded, or locally supported. - Label all output as brainstorming candidates. Safety: Do not include risky, illegal, discriminatory, or privacy-invasive activities. After the list: - identify questions the group must answer, - identify permissions that may be needed, - and identify which ideas require local verification.
Practice Station 5: interview practice
Act as a supportive interview-practice partner. Role: Ask questions for a general [JOB OR VOLUNTEER ROLE] interview. Rules: - Ask one question at a time. - Wait for my response. - Do not request private identifiers. - After each answer, identify one strength and one concrete improvement. - Do not invent experience I did not mention. - Help me revise my own answer rather than replacing it with a fictional life story. - Avoid discriminatory or legally sensitive questions. Begin with a simple opening question.
Human judgment check
A polished answer is not helpful if it claims experience, credentials, results, or responsibilities you do not have.
Practice Station 6: prepare questions for a professional
Help me prepare questions for a qualified [TYPE OF PROFESSIONAL]. Context: [GENERAL, NON-SENSITIVE DESCRIPTION] Do not diagnose, decide, or provide a final professional conclusion. Create: 1. A short description I can bring to the appointment 2. Questions about options 3. Questions about risks and benefits 4. Questions about cost or timing 5. Documents or information I may need to bring 6. Terms I may want explained 7. Warning signs that would require a more urgent human response Use placeholders for private information.
Practice Station 7: accessibility and format conversion
Reformat the supplied text for accessibility. Create: 1. A plain-language version 2. A short bullet summary 3. A one-step-at-a-time version 4. A version suitable for reading aloud 5. A list of terms that still require explanation Use only the supplied text. Do not remove warnings, qualifications, deadlines, exceptions, or instructions merely to make the text shorter. TEXT: [PASTE PUBLIC OR REDACTED TEXT]
No-device practice option
A learner does not need an account or device to practice prompting.
- Choose one task.
- Write the CARES sections on paper.
- Exchange the prompt with a partner.
- Let the partner underline missing context and assumptions.
- Revise the prompt before any AI system sees it.
The five-part output review
Does the answer help accomplish the actual task?
Does it preserve the supplied facts and intended meaning?
Are important factual claims grounded or clearly marked for verification?
Does it preserve privacy, consent, human review, and appropriate boundaries?
Does the final result still reflect your voice, values, judgment, and responsibility?
Could you reject the result or complete the task without AI?
Copyable prompt: review the candidate
Review the candidate output below. Do not praise it automatically and do not rewrite it yet. Evaluate: 1. Did it follow the task? 2. Did it preserve the supplied facts? 3. What did it assume? 4. What may be inaccurate? 5. What requires external verification? 6. What private or sensitive information should be removed? 7. What wording sounds unlike the intended author? 8. What important qualification is missing? 9. What could cause harm if used without review? 10. What should be kept, changed, removed, or rejected? CANDIDATE: [PASTE OUTPUT]
The off-loading audit
AI may save effort, but a true efficiency gain should not simply move hidden work or risk somewhere else.
Ask:
- What task did I transfer to the system?
- What work did the AI genuinely reduce?
- What new review work did it create?
- Did it require me to reveal information?
- Did it create factual, privacy, bias, or authorship risk?
- Did another person inherit an unfair review burden?
- Would doing the task directly have been faster?
- Did the result materially improve my life or work?
When to stop the practice task
Pause or change course when:
- The task begins requiring private information.
- The answer creates a medical, legal, financial, tax, or safety decision.
- The system invents facts repeatedly.
- The required source is unavailable.
- Verification will take more effort than the task is worth.
- The output would affect another person without their review.
- You feel pressured, confused, distressed, or unable to judge the answer.
- A qualified human or official process is clearly the safer route.
Personal practice reflection
Complete these statements:
- The task I chose was:
- The AI did:
- I did:
- I corrected:
- I verified:
- I rejected:
- The tool saved me:
- The tool added this new burden:
- Next time I would:
Next lesson
Lesson 10 identifies high-impact situations where AI may help explain terms or prepare questions but should not become the emergency responder, professional adviser, authorizing official, or final decision-maker.
Practical-use and human-agency standards are listed on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
10 When AI should not be the decision-maker
Decision support is not decision authority
The tool helps organize information, explain general terms, create questions, identify missing facts, or compare documented options.
The person or institution legally, professionally, ethically, or practically responsible for making, approving, and answering for the decision.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Distinguish assistance from authority.
- Identify high-impact situations requiring human escalation.
- Convert a request for a final answer into questions for an appropriate human.
- Recognize when delay itself creates risk.
- Identify the information and documents a professional may need.
- Evaluate whether human review is meaningful or merely ceremonial.
- Stop using AI when the task exceeds the system’s appropriate role.
The high-impact boundary
A decision becomes higher impact when it may affect:
- Life or physical safety
- Health
- Legal rights or deadlines
- Housing
- Employment
- Education
- Public benefits
- Taxes
- Money or credit
- Identity or account access
- Another person’s opportunities or reputation
- Critical infrastructure, vehicles, equipment, or repairs
- Children or vulnerable people
- Civic rights or official government procedures
Red-light situations
Do not delay human emergency response while continuing a chatbot conversation.
AI may explain general terms or help prepare questions. It should not diagnose a person, change medication, or determine that urgent symptoms are safe to ignore.
AI may help organize facts or define general terms. It should not determine a filing deadline, legal strategy, custody decision, immigration status, or enforceable right.
AI may create questions or explain general concepts. It should not authorize a transfer, guarantee an investment, approve a loan, or determine a tax position from incomplete facts.
AI may summarize a public notice. It should not make the agency’s eligibility determination or replace the current official instructions and appeal process.
AI may help locate the manual or create questions. It should not become the sole authority for electrical, structural, gas, vehicle, medical-device, or other hazardous work.
AI should not independently decide hiring, firing, discipline, admission, grading, benefits, medical care, policing, or access to essential services.
Do not use a chatbot to decide whether a caller, document, payment request, or account-recovery message is genuine. Verify through the responsible institution.
The human-handoff ladder
Ask AI to explain a term or general process without applying it conclusively to a person.
Ask AI to organize non-sensitive facts, dates, questions, or documents for human review.
Confirm current rules through an official or primary source.
Bring the real circumstances to the appropriate licensed, authorized, or accountable person.
Contact the appropriate emergency, crisis, safety, medical, financial, or law-enforcement resource without delaying for AI.
After immediate safety or professional review, AI may help organize notes or draft follow-up questions—using only information appropriate to share.
Meaningful human review
Human review is not meaningful merely because a person clicks “approve.”
A meaningful reviewer should have:
- Enough subject knowledge for the task
- Access to the relevant facts and sources
- Time to inspect the output
- Permission to question the system
- Authority to correct, reject, override, or escalate
- A clear record of who made the final decision
- A way to report and repair errors
Example 1: health information
Unsafe question
Here are all my symptoms. Tell me exactly what disease I have and whether I can wait until next month to get care.
Safer preparation prompt
Help me prepare for a conversation with a qualified health professional. Use only the general, non-identifying information I provide. Do not diagnose me, prescribe treatment, change medication, or tell me that urgent symptoms are safe to ignore. Create: 1. A concise symptom timeline 2. Questions to ask 3. Information the clinician may want 4. Terms I may need explained 5. General warning signs that require prompt human medical attention State clearly that the clinician must evaluate the actual person and circumstances.
Example 2: legal or agency notice
Unsafe question
Tell me whether I will win this case and the exact last day I can file.
Safer preparation prompt
Using only the redacted notice I provide, help me prepare questions for the issuing agency or a qualified legal adviser. Identify: 1. Dates stated in the notice 2. Actions the notice requests 3. Consequences the notice states 4. Terms that need explanation 5. Facts missing from the notice 6. Questions about deadlines, appeal rights, jurisdiction, and required documents Do not calculate or guarantee a legal deadline. Quote the exact language supporting each date and tell me to confirm the current deadline with the responsible authority.
Example 3: financial or banking problem
Unsafe question
Move my money to the safest investment and guarantee I will not lose anything.
Safer preparation prompt
Help me prepare questions for a qualified financial professional or regulated institution. Do not recommend a specific transaction, guarantee returns, or request account credentials. Create questions about: - fees, - risks, - liquidity, - time horizon, - conflicts of interest, - registration or licensing, - custody of funds, - tax considerations, - alternatives, - and what happens in a worst-case scenario. Identify claims that require independent verification before any money is transferred.
Example 4: equipment or repair
Unsafe question
Tell me exactly which wires to connect so I can repair this high-voltage equipment without shutting it down.
Safer preparation prompt
Help me prepare for a conversation with a qualified repair professional. Do not provide live electrical work instructions. Create: 1. A list of observable symptoms 2. Questions about shutdown and isolation procedures 3. The model and documentation information a technician may need 4. Possible categories of failure stated only as possibilities 5. Questions about permits, qualifications, protective equipment, and safe inspection 6. Reasons the equipment should remain unused until evaluated Do not invent specifications from an unknown model.
Example 5: government benefits
Help me understand the general application process for [PROGRAM]. Do not decide whether I qualify. Use current official sources if available and identify their dates. Separate: 1. General eligibility categories 2. Information applicants may need 3. Steps in the application process 4. Current deadlines or renewal requirements that must be verified 5. Appeal or assistance resources listed by the agency 6. Questions I should ask the responsible office Do not request my Social Security number, benefit number, account credentials, or complete private records.
Activity: support or authority?
Classify each proposed use as:
- Appropriate general assistance
- Assistance requiring verification
- Human decision required
- Urgent human response required
Rewriting a non-sensitive volunteer announcement.
Explaining general terms from a public benefits guide.
Determining whether a specific applicant qualifies for benefits.
Deciding whether severe chest pain can safely wait.
Creating questions to ask a tax professional.
Authorizing a wire transfer based on a video call.
Turning supplied meeting notes into a checklist.
Choosing whether to fire an employee from a model-generated risk score.
Suggested discussion
- Scenario A is usually appropriate general assistance.
- Scenario B is educational but requires verification against the current official guide.
- Scenario C belongs to the authorized agency and applicable review process.
- Scenario D requires prompt human medical or emergency response—not chatbot delay.
- Scenario E is appropriate preparation.
- Scenario F requires independent authentication and existing financial controls.
- Scenario G is usually a lower-risk transformation if the notes are appropriate to share.
- Scenario H requires accountable human review, relevant evidence, due process, and organizational authority.
Copyable prompt: convert a decision into a human-handoff plan
I am facing this high-impact question: [GENERAL, NON-SENSITIVE DESCRIPTION] Do not make the final decision. Create a human-handoff plan with: 1. What AI can safely help organize or explain 2. What AI must not decide 3. The type of qualified or authorized human needed 4. Current official sources to check 5. Information or documents to prepare 6. Questions to ask 7. Warning signs requiring more urgent action 8. Privacy information I should not enter into an AI system 9. A clear statement of who remains responsible for the decision Do not delay an emergency response, invent professional conclusions, or guarantee an outcome.
The accountable-decision card
Before acting, complete:
- Decision: What is being decided?
- Consequence: What could happen if it is wrong?
- AI role: What limited assistance did the tool provide?
- Evidence: What reliable information supports the decision?
- Human authority: Who is qualified and authorized to decide?
- Review power: Can that person correct, reject, or stop the action?
- Record: Who accepted final responsibility?
- Repair: What happens if the decision causes harm or proves wrong?
When the chatbot becomes a barrier
A chatbot should not prevent access to a person when:
- The problem is complex
- The user is invoking a legal or consumer right
- The system repeatedly misunderstands the issue
- The answer may create fees or financial harm
- The person requests human assistance
- The situation requires discretion, compassion, or local judgment
Psychological safety
A person facing a high-impact problem may already feel fear, confusion, shame, or urgency.
The appropriate educational response is:
- Reduce unnecessary complexity
- Identify the next human contact
- Preserve privacy
- Avoid false reassurance
- Avoid catastrophic speculation
- Separate immediate safety from later research
- Use one manageable next step
Human judgment check
Before relying on AI in a consequential situation, ask:
- Is anyone in immediate danger?
- Could delay cause harm?
- Does this require a license, official authority, or local knowledge?
- Is the model applying general information to an individual case?
- Does the reviewer possess the knowledge and authority to challenge the output?
- Can the decision be appealed, corrected, or reversed?
- Is a real person available?
- Who will answer for the decision?
Next lesson
Lesson 11 explores locally meaningful uses for families, workers, farms, small businesses, libraries, and community organizations. Its examples will remain adaptable to community survey results.
Human-oversight and high-impact-use standards are documented on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
11 Local uses for families, workers, farms, businesses, and groups
Local knowledge is part of the evidence
A general-purpose AI system may know broad patterns. It may not know:
- The current procedure used by a particular county office
- The soil, weather, pests, water conditions, and growing practices of a specific location
- Which services are currently available in a small community
- The culture and history of a neighborhood or tribal community
- The actual equipment used by a local business or farm
- The policies of a particular school, employer, library, or nonprofit
- The relationships and informal knowledge that help a community function
- Whether a program, grant, event, business, or office is still operating
A useful community interaction therefore combines three things:
Drafting, organizing, explaining, brainstorming, formatting, comparing, or preparing questions.
Current documents, local agencies, libraries, Extension resources, business advisers, manuals, community records, and other appropriate sources.
The resident, professional, official, worker, business owner, educator, or community member responsible for reviewing and acting.
AI may assist the work. Local evidence grounds it. A person remains responsible for the result.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Identify practical AI uses relevant to local life.
- Choose a limited task instead of delegating an entire responsibility.
- Pair an AI task with an appropriate local or official source.
- Identify who should review or authorize the final result.
- Protect customer, family, employee, student, patient, and community information.
- Account for rural internet, device, cost, and accessibility constraints.
- Evaluate whether the tool reduced total burden or merely shifted work and risk elsewhere.
- Design a community use case using the Local Use Canvas.
The Local Use Canvas
Before using AI for a local task, complete these seven fields.
What real outcome are we trying to accomplish?
What limited part of the work might AI assist with?
Which current local, official, professional, or primary source should guide the answer?
What information must be removed, protected, or kept out of the system?
Who reviews the result and remains responsible?
What must be checked before the output is used?
What would cause us to pause, reject, or move the task to a qualified person?
Is there a simpler non-AI option that works just as well?
Families and households
Lower-risk household uses may include:
- Turning rough notes into a household checklist
- Creating questions for a school, agency, or professional
- Rewriting a family announcement in clearer language
- Brainstorming low-cost activities
- Creating a fictional practice budget
- Organizing a non-sensitive moving or travel checklist
- Explaining a public document after private details have been removed
- Practicing how to discuss technology with children or older relatives
Family planning prompt
Help our household organize this general task: [TASK] Constraints: - available time: [TIME], - approximate budget: [BUDGET], - available transportation: [TRANSPORTATION], - devices or internet: [ACCESS], - accessibility needs: [NEEDS]. Create: 1. A short goal 2. A preparation checklist 3. An ordered action list 4. Questions we still need to answer 5. Decisions that remain with the family 6. A non-AI alternative Do not request names, account numbers, medical records, school records, exact addresses, or children’s identifying information. Do not invent local services, prices, hours, eligibility, or availability.
Workers and job seekers
AI may help with:
- Interview practice
- Organizing actual work history
- Rewriting a résumé bullet for clarity
- Comparing a résumé with a public job announcement
- Preparing questions for an employer, union representative, or workforce adviser
- Drafting a professional email
- Identifying skills that may require further training
- Creating a learning plan from public training information
Job-announcement comparison prompt
Compare the public JOB ANNOUNCEMENT with the de-identified EXPERIENCE NOTES I provide. Do not invent experience. Create four sections: 1. Requirements clearly supported by my notes 2. Related experience that may need clearer wording 3. Requirements not supported by my notes 4. Questions I should answer before applying Then draft possible résumé language using only the supported experience. Do not include my name, address, phone number, references, employee number, or other identifying information. JOB ANNOUNCEMENT: [PASTE PUBLIC TEXT] EXPERIENCE NOTES: [PASTE DE-IDENTIFIED NOTES]
Farms, gardens, forests, and land stewardship
AI may assist with:
- Summarizing a supplied Extension publication
- Organizing field observations
- Creating questions for an Extension agent, veterinarian, forester, soil specialist, or crop adviser
- Building a maintenance checklist from an equipment manual
- Comparing documented options
- Drafting educational or marketing material
- Organizing non-sensitive farm or garden records
- Brainstorming what additional observations may be useful
Extension-grounded prompt
Using only the Extension or agency text I provide, help me understand this agricultural topic. Create: 1. Plain-language summary 2. Conditions the guidance applies to 3. Conditions it does not address 4. Observations I should record 5. Questions for a local Extension agent or qualified adviser 6. Any warnings, restrictions, or verification steps stated in the source Do not identify a pest, diagnose an animal, recommend a pesticide, calculate an application rate, or invent a local treatment plan. SOURCE TEXT: [PASTE CURRENT PUBLIC SOURCE]
Cooperative Extension and land-grant institutions can provide research-based information adapted to regional conditions. Their local expertise should not be replaced by a generic model.
Small businesses and self-employed workers
Bounded small-business uses may include:
- Brainstorming names, themes, or campaign candidates
- Drafting customer communication for human review
- Creating a first-draft FAQ
- Organizing a meeting agenda
- Turning an existing process into a draft checklist
- Practicing customer-service scenarios
- Summarizing public market information
- Preparing questions for an accountant, attorney, insurer, lender, or Small Business Development Center
Small-business task prompt
Help me create a first draft for this small-business task: [TASK] Business context: [GENERAL NON-CONFIDENTIAL CONTEXT] Requirements: - Use plain language. - Match this general tone: [TONE]. - Use placeholders for business names, customers, prices, dates, and contact information. - Label all ideas as candidates for review. - Do not make promises about price, availability, performance, safety, legality, or results. Evidence: Use only the public or non-confidential information I provide. Safety: Identify any statement that should be reviewed by an accountant, attorney, insurer, regulator, lender, technical expert, or other qualified person before publication or action.
Libraries, schools, and educators
AI may support:
- Drafting a program description
- Creating fictional practice examples
- Reformatting supplied public text
- Generating discussion questions
- Building a draft lesson outline
- Brainstorming activities for different access needs
- Translating technical vocabulary into plain language
- Identifying claims learners should verify
Human educators and library workers remain responsible for:
- Instructional quality
- Age appropriateness
- Accessibility
- Intellectual freedom
- Privacy
- Source selection
- Community context
- Correction of errors
Nonprofits, civic groups, and community organizations
Possible uses include:
- Drafting an agenda
- Organizing public meeting notes
- Creating volunteer checklists
- Brainstorming outreach channels
- Summarizing anonymous community-survey themes
- Preparing questions for a potential funder
- Drafting a public announcement
- Creating alternate plain-language formats
Community-survey synthesis prompt
Analyze the anonymous survey responses I provide. Do not infer identities, diagnoses, political beliefs, protected traits, or private facts. Create: 1. Frequently repeated needs 2. Less common but important needs 3. Accessibility requests 4. Questions requiring follow-up 5. Areas where responses disagree 6. Ideas for future programming 7. Limitations of the survey Do not claim that the survey represents the whole community unless the sampling method supports that conclusion. SURVEY RESPONSES: [PASTE ANONYMOUS RESPONSES]
Local history, archives, and genealogy
AI may assist with:
- Transcribing clearly legible public documents
- Summarizing supplied historical material
- Creating research questions
- Identifying names, dates, and places to verify
- Comparing two transcriptions
- Drafting descriptive metadata for review
Historical work requires special care because a model may turn a missing record into a plausible story.
Community, tribal, family, and cultural records may also carry privacy, sovereignty, sacred-knowledge, or future-association concerns. Permission to access material does not automatically grant permission to publish or upload it.
Source-bounded local history prompt
Using only the historical source text I provide, create: 1. People explicitly named 2. Dates explicitly stated 3. Locations explicitly stated 4. Events explicitly described 5. Exact quotations 6. Unclear or damaged passages 7. Questions requiring another source Do not fill gaps with invented narrative. Label interpretation separately from the source record.
Accessibility and language support
AI may help generate candidate versions of supplied material, such as:
- Plain-language summaries
- Shorter sections
- Reading-aloud scripts
- Step-by-step instructions
- Draft translations
- Image-description candidates
- Alternate examples
Low-bandwidth and no-device participation
AI education does not have to depend on every participant owning a laptop or maintaining a fast connection.
A workshop may use:
- Printed prompt cards
- Pre-captured example outputs
- One facilitator device projected for the room
- Small-group prompt design on paper
- Paired activities
- Read-aloud examples
- Downloadable or printable take-home materials
- Activities that compare an AI-assisted route with a non-AI route
Activity: design one local use case
Choose a real but non-private community task. Complete:
LOCAL USE CANVAS Community goal: [WHAT SHOULD IMPROVE?] Bounded AI task: [WHAT SMALL PART MAY AI ASSIST WITH?] Grounding source: [WHICH CURRENT LOCAL, OFFICIAL, OR PROFESSIONAL SOURCE?] Private information: [WHAT MUST NOT BE ENTERED?] Human owner: [WHO REVIEWS AND REMAINS RESPONSIBLE?] Verification: [WHAT MUST BE CHECKED?] Stop condition: [WHAT WOULD CAUSE A PAUSE OR HUMAN HANDOFF?] Non-AI alternative: [HOW COULD THIS BE DONE WITHOUT AI?]
Copyable local-source prompt
Help with this local or community task: [TASK] Community context: [GENERAL, NON-SENSITIVE CONTEXT] Local evidence: Use only the sources I provide. Do not assume that generic national information applies locally. Requirements: - Separate source-supported information from general suggestions. - Identify missing local information. - Use plain language. - Provide one low-cost or low-technology option. - Provide a non-AI alternative. - Use placeholders for identifying details. Safety: - Do not invent local laws, offices, programs, services, prices, hours, contacts, funding, community support, or availability. - Do not upload or request private information. - Identify the accountable person or organization that must review the result. - State what should be verified before action. SOURCES: [PASTE PUBLIC OR REDACTED SOURCE TEXT]
The community off-loading audit
Before calling a local AI project successful, ask:
- Did it reduce total work after review and correction?
- Did it create unpaid review work for staff or volunteers?
- Did it shift risk onto residents with less technical access?
- Did it require unnecessary collection of community data?
- Did it preserve access to a human?
- Did it improve or weaken local expertise?
- Did it make the process more understandable?
- Could residents decline the AI route?
- Who receives the benefit?
- Who carries the cost when the system is wrong?
Human judgment check
Before using AI for a community task, ask:
- Is the task clearly bounded?
- Does it serve a documented community need?
- Were affected people invited to provide input?
- What local evidence grounds the output?
- What information should remain private?
- Who reviews and owns the result?
- Can a person access a human alternative?
- Can the project be paused or discontinued?
- Did the technology materially improve the work?
Next lesson
Lesson 12 turns the course into a personal starter kit. You will assemble a safe default prompt, privacy boundary, verification process, scam response, human-handoff rule, and first practical task.
Library, rural education, small-business, Extension, and community-participation sources are listed on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
12 Build your personal AI safety starter kit
Your starter kit belongs to you
This course does not end by requiring you to adopt a particular AI platform. Your personal starter kit should work whether you:
- Use AI occasionally
- Use it only at work or school
- Use it through a library demonstration
- Prefer a local or privacy-focused tool
- Use only printed examples
- Decide not to use AI for certain tasks
- Decide not to use it at all
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Use a safe default beginner prompt.
- Apply a personal information boundary.
- Match verification effort to the consequence of error.
- Recognize when a human should take over.
- Use the PAUSE scam response.
- Review a product’s privacy, history, memory, and data-use controls.
- Define personal stop conditions.
- Complete one lower-risk first task.
- Reflect on whether the tool genuinely helped.
Your eight-part starter kit
A reusable instruction that asks for plain language, uncertainty, privacy, verification, and human review.
A short list of information you will not enter casually into AI systems.
A rule for deciding how much evidence a task requires.
A clear list of situations that require an official source, qualified professional, trusted person, or emergency resource.
Pause, Avoid the supplied channel, Use a known contact, Secure accounts, Escalate and report.
A reminder to review privacy, memory, history, model improvement, connected-app, export, and deletion controls.
Conditions that tell you to stop prompting and choose another route.
One reversible, non-sensitive task that lets you practice without unnecessary risk.
1. Safe default beginner prompt
You are my beginner AI guide. Use plain language, short sections, and one step at a time. Begin by restating what you think I am trying to accomplish. Ask only the questions necessary to understand the task. Do not ask me for passwords, authentication codes, account numbers, Social Security numbers, identification documents, private medical records, confidential work records, children’s identifying information, or another person’s private information. Separate your response into: 1. What is well supported 2. What you are assuming 3. What is uncertain or missing 4. What I should verify 5. A practical next step 6. When a qualified human or official source is needed Do not invent facts, quotations, laws, statistics, names, contact details, links, sources, or citations. Treat your response as a candidate for me to review—not as final authority. I may revise, verify, reject, pause, or continue without AI.
You may copy this prompt at the beginning of a new conversation. It cannot guarantee safe or accurate output, but it makes your expectations visible.
2. Personal information boundary
Create a paper or digital card that says:
I WILL NOT CASUALLY ENTER: - passwords, PINs, authentication codes, or recovery codes; - Social Security, driver-license, passport, benefit, or tax-identification numbers; - bank accounts, payment cards, or financial credentials; - full medical, legal, tax, school, employment, or confidential records; - children’s identifying information; - precise home, travel, security, or daily-routine information; - another person’s private information without permission; - confidential workplace, customer, client, student, or organizational information; - intimate images, biometric information, or sensitive voice recordings; - information that an approved secure system or qualified human should handle.
3. Verification ladder
Review for fit and quality. Examples include fictional stories, brainstorming, or decorative ideas.
Review every detail and verify claims that affect time, money, public communication, or another person.
Open current primary or official sources and compare independent evidence before acting.
Use a qualified, authorized, accountable human. AI may assist with questions or organization, but not own the decision.
4. Human-handoff rule
I WILL MOVE THE TASK TO AN APPROPRIATE HUMAN WHEN IT INVOLVES: - immediate danger or an emergency; - medical diagnosis, treatment, medication, or urgent symptoms; - a legal deadline, legal strategy, custody, immigration, or enforceable right; - tax filing, benefits eligibility, credit, investment, insurance, or financial transfer; - identity verification, passwords, security codes, or account recovery; - hazardous repair, electrical work, gas, structure, vehicles, or critical equipment; - hiring, firing, discipline, admission, grading, benefits, or access decisions about another person; - a child or vulnerable person; - confidential organizational information; - a situation I cannot independently understand or review; - or a decision that cannot be safely reversed.
5. Scam PAUSE card
P — PAUSE. Do not send money, reveal a code, open an attachment, scan a QR code, or click a link. A — AVOID THE SUPPLIED CHANNEL. Do not use the caller’s number, message link, or supplied website as your only verification route. U — USE A KNOWN CONTACT. Contact the person or organization through information you already know or locate independently. S — SECURE MONEY AND ACCOUNTS. If anything was shared, contact the institution, change credentials, and protect affected accounts. E — ESCALATE AND REPORT. Tell a trusted person and report the incident through appropriate official channels.
FTC guidance similarly recommends slowing down, using contact information you locate yourself, refusing urgent or unusual payment requests, and never sharing verification codes.
6. Product-settings check
Before using a particular product, review its current controls. Look for:
- Conversation history
- Temporary or non-history modes
- Model-improvement or training controls
- Saved memory
- Connected applications
- File and image handling
- Data export
- Conversation deletion
- Account deletion
- Business, school, workplace, or administrator access
- Current privacy policy and retention information
Memory is not authority
If an AI product remembers something, that information may still be:
- Incorrect
- Outdated
- Misunderstood
- Missing its original source
- Something you no longer consent to retain
- Inappropriate for the current task
Review, correct, or remove saved information when the product provides those controls. Do not treat a remembered statement as a substitute for checking its origin.
7. Personal stop conditions
Decide your stop conditions before a difficult interaction.
I WILL STOP OR CHANGE ROUTES WHEN: - the system requests information that should remain private; - the task becomes medical, legal, financial, tax, emergency, or safety critical; - the answer repeatedly invents facts; - I cannot locate the required source; - the system pressures me to continue or isolate myself from other advice; - the answer becomes frightening, manipulative, or overly personal; - verification takes more effort than completing the task another way; - the output affects another person who has not reviewed it; - I no longer understand what the system is doing; - a human or official source is clearly more appropriate; - or I simply do not want to continue.
8. Choose your first bounded task
Select one lower-risk task:
- Rewrite a fictional or non-sensitive message
- Turn rough project notes into a checklist
- Explain a short public paragraph in plain language
- Generate interview-practice questions
- Brainstorm community-event ideas
- Create questions to ask a professional
- Reformat supplied material into shorter sections
- Draft a fictional story or creative exercise
Your first 15-minute practice session
- Choose one task from the list above.
- Remove private information before opening the AI tool.
- Paste the Safe Default Beginner Prompt.
- Add the CARES description of your task.
- Request one candidate response.
- Review it using the Helpful and Honest check.
- Verify any factual claim that matters.
- Decide what to keep, change, remove, or reject.
- Stop after 15 minutes and reflect on whether the tool actually helped.
Before, during, and after checklist
- Define the task.
- Choose the risk zone.
- Remove private information.
- Identify the source.
- Identify the human decision.
- Use CARES.
- Ask one bounded question.
- Notice assumptions.
- Do not follow unsafe links.
- Pause if the task changes.
- Check facts.
- Protect private information.
- Edit in your own voice.
- Record unresolved issues.
- Keep, revise, reject, or stop.
- Review saved memory.
- Check whether guidance changed.
- Correct reused material.
- Share lessons without exposing private data.
- Ask whether the tool reduced total burden.
Copyable reset prompt
Stop the current approach and reset. You misunderstood or exceeded the task. The actual goal is: [GOAL] The boundaries are: [BOUNDARIES] Keep: [USEFUL PART] Remove: [UNSUPPORTED, PRIVATE, OR UNHELPFUL PART] Before producing another answer: 1. Restate the corrected task 2. List the evidence you have 3. List what is missing 4. Wait for my confirmation Do not repeat the previous conclusion as though it were established.
Copyable uncertainty prompt
Review your previous response for overconfidence. Create a table with: - claim, - information basis, - confidence posture, - missing evidence, - consequence if wrong, - verification method, - and appropriate human reviewer. Use these confidence labels only: - WELL SUPPORTED - PLAUSIBLE BUT UNCERTAIN - UNSUPPORTED - OPINION - PROFESSIONAL REVIEW REQUIRED Do not invent evidence to improve the confidence label.
Copyable human-handoff prompt
This task may require human expertise or authority. Do not make the final decision. Help me prepare: 1. A concise non-sensitive description of the issue 2. The type of person or organization I should contact 3. Questions to ask 4. Sources or documents to bring 5. Dates or facts to verify 6. Warning signs that require more urgent action 7. Private information I should keep out of the AI conversation 8. A clear next human action Do not delay emergency or professional help.
Personal AI use agreement
Complete this statement for yourself, your household, a class, or a community group:
MY AI USE AGREEMENT I may use AI to assist with: [BOUNDED TASKS] I will not use AI as the final authority for: [HIGH-IMPACT TASKS] I will not casually enter: [PRIVATE INFORMATION] For important factual claims, I will verify through: [SOURCES OR PEOPLE] I will ask a human to take over when: [HANDOFF CONDITIONS] I will stop the interaction when: [STOP CONDITIONS] I will remember: An AI answer is a candidate—not a verdict.
Course reflection
You may write, discuss, or consider these privately:
- One task I might use AI for:
- One task I will keep human-led:
- One kind of information I will not share:
- One way I will verify an answer:
- One warning sign I will recognize:
- One person or organization I can ask for help:
- One feature I want explained more clearly:
- One future class I would attend:
For families, partners, and caregivers
Consider creating a shared verification agreement:
- We will not send money because of an urgent message without calling each other through a known number.
- We will not shame someone who asks whether a message is a scam.
- We will not upload another person’s private records without permission.
- We will identify which decisions require a qualified human.
- We will help each other slow down before acting.
- We will keep a current list of trusted contacts.
Accessibility and learning choice
Your starter kit may be:
- Printed in large type
- Stored as a phone note
- Read aloud
- Reduced to a one-page card
- Represented with icons
- Completed with a partner
- Used one step at a time
- Translated and reviewed by a qualified person
There is no single correct way to demonstrate AI literacy. You may learn by reading, listening, observing, discussing, practicing, teaching someone else, or choosing not to use a particular tool.
Final off-loading check
After using AI, ask:
- Did the tool save meaningful time?
- Did review and verification erase the time saved?
- Did it improve understanding?
- Did it create new privacy or factual risk?
- Did it preserve my skills?
- Did it shift burdens onto someone else?
- Do I understand the final result?
- Can I explain why I accepted or rejected it?
- Could I complete the task without AI next time?
You have completed the beginner learning path
Completion does not mean knowing everything about artificial intelligence. It means you now have a repeatable process for approaching unfamiliar tools:
UNDERSTAND What is the system doing? PRACTICE What bounded task may it assist with? VERIFY What claims and sources must be checked? PROTECT What information, decision, and human relationship must remain safeguarded? DECIDE Keep, revise, reject, escalate, or continue without AI.
Continue learning at your own pace. Return to any lesson when a new task or technology appears.
Accessibility, adult-learning, privacy, human-agency, verification, and UVLM governance sources are documented on AI Education: Sources and Standards .
Supporting materials
Keep learning without getting lost.
Resources
Find beginner prompts, privacy checklists, verification tools, printable guides, and future handouts.
Open AI Education Resources →Frequently Asked Questions
Read plain-language answers about accounts, devices, privacy, safety, workshops, and the purpose of the program.
Read the FAQ →Sources and Standards
Review the public guidance, scholarly foundations, claim boundaries, and UVLM educational principles used to build the course.
Review Sources and Standards →